560 ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE. 



ed by Mr. Kyan, was the injection of the same solution by direct pressure ; but, 

 in both cases, the great expense prevented the general adoption «>f plans o 

 wise perfectly successful. 



in of these methods have induced an eugineer of Hamilton, 

 Mr. Wm. G. Tomkius, to apply the directly and more simply, 



and v - to give a Bhort description of a patei I im, from his 



Excellency the Governor General, dated May 16, 1856, which in its heading 

 enumerates the benefits to be derived as follows: "This P ists in the 



simple manner of inserting in tl sompounds, 



eof a pneu- 

 matic ' - for exhausting and drawing jap from a newly felled tree, 



or bj I air, forcing out the sap, thereby seasoning the wood 



and rendering it more sound and marketable. " 

 The manner in which this is effec . . and can be 



I in a few hours a' a nominal cost. A tree, newly felled and full of sap, 



• in which the sap has been retained, by its lying immersed in water, is laid 

 on the ground and the end cut off by a cross-cut saw, at right angles to the axis 

 of the tree. Oi .nd is fixed a cap of metal, held firmly by small 



■ugh a ling kept in its place by screws or wedges. This 

 hollow cap forms an air-tight chamber, and into the back a pipe is screwed, to 

 connect with a pe of a quarter inch bore, and a cistern at twenty-five 



or tli' with a receiver and an air- 



pump for the pneumatic apparatus. By the former process it wi! that, 



with ;. head of '25 feet, and pure water in the cistern, a tree of 10 feet in length 

 is permeated by the wa^er in a few id :-. stream of sap will run 



t'muousiy from the other ei ing the pneumatic apparatus, a pressu 



ich, equal to a head of water of 28 or 30 feet, wii: be 

 the w sap which 



• per- 

 fectly free from 'his without an] 



const- ee place in the Blower , ming. The quantity of sap 



which is extracted by this mode equals from 20 to 40 per cent, of the weight of 

 the tree, and hence the saving in car: : i, by ship, 1, is of the 



it importance, besides having lumber worth ten per 1 etnt.mor •• in the markets 



tve been wil After having abstracted the sap, 



the end ■.,'. the tree ma] irsed in a preservative liquid of any kind, such as 



corros nate, sulphat , alum solution, or solution of sulphuric acid, 



ider the entire body of the tree free from dry-rot aud incombustible ; or if de- 

 sirable, a colorii to dye the whole body <>i the tre 

 any hue which may he wanted. In like manner, also, the patentee has impreg- 

 nate! a tree by the hydrostatic process, in substance. 

 a t jive feet lonj brilliantly red tfc three 

 hours, with two penny worth of ; ind all other dye Btuffs may be used in 

 the same manner. He proposes in his patent, likewise, to use heated air in the 



of the tree, either by the pneumi iwing it through the tree, 



orbyi to 10 or 12 pounds to the inch ; and then, as it were, 



blowing out the sap. Either mode may be adopted, and the expense is trifling. 

 In our large Canadian saw mills, where 260 ga are passed under the saw 



in the day, all might be prepared the previous day with one or two pumps, and a 



