12 



recognized when they emerge in confinement. We suggest that 

 each fruit grower collect three hundred or four hundred larvae dur- 

 ing March or early April and place them in a breeding-cage— a wire 

 fly-trap, for example — for observation. If he has banded forty or 

 fifty apple trees the previous season and allowed the bands to re- 

 main thru the winter, an abundance of larvae can be obtained from 

 them in spring. Care should be taken not to injure the larvae in 

 removing them or to disturb them by tearing open their cocoons any 

 more than necessary. Bits of bark and fragments of bands con- 

 taining cocoons should be removed along with them. The cages 

 containing them should be kept ivhere they can be examined daily, 

 but where they will be under the same weather conditions as those 

 of the orchard. As the moths emerge from the cocoons they should 

 be taken out daily, counted, and killed, and the number recorded 

 in a note-book kept for this purpose. If the weather is fairly uni- 

 form the number emerging daily will gradually increase until a 

 maximum is reached, after which it will decline until all have 

 emerged. The first moths to come out in spring will usually begin 

 to lay eggs within four or five days, and the eggs will begin to 

 hatch in ten to fourteen days after they are laid. The first larvae, 

 therefore, will appear in fourteen to nineteen days after the first 

 moths appeared in the cage ; and the larvae will be hatching most 

 abundantly in twelve to fifteen days after the time when the largest 

 number of moths are coming out. These facts will enable the fruit- 

 grower to judge with approximate accuracy when first to spray 

 against this generation, and when to repeat the spraying if he 

 thinks that necessary. If he finishes his first spraying for the first 

 generation in a fortnight after the first of his moths come out, and 

 sprays a second time in another fortnight, he will meet the require- 

 ments of the year about as closely as possible by this method. To 

 foretell the time when the second brood of larvae will appear, sev- 

 eral trees, each of which bears a good set of fruit, should be banded 

 about the middle of May. If unsprayed trees of this description 

 can be had, they will yield more larvae than those which have been 

 sprayed. A dozen such trees should be sufficient. Beginning the 

 last week in May, these bands should be examined daily until 

 the first larvae are found, after which they may be examined every 

 third day, or perhaps once a week. The number of larvae collected 

 each time should be recorded and the larvae themselves should be 

 placed in small glass jars like large jelly glasses, containing strips 

 of corrugated paper. At this time in the year the larvae may be ex- 

 pected to pupate in about five days, and the moths to come out in 

 about eleven days more. In two or three days later egg-laying 

 should begin, and in six or seven days after the moths emerge the 

 eggs should begin to hatch. That is, from eight to ten days after 



