day thruout the season, and the number of larvae collected from 

 each tree was recorded on a separate blank each time the bands 

 were turned. All these larvae were placed in observation cages, and 

 records were made of the number of larvae pupating and the num- 

 ber of moths emerging every day. (Fig. 10.) 



The facts obtained, concerning both insects and weather, by 

 these various operations, have been brought together on a diagram 

 for convenient inspection and discussion. (Diagram 1.) 



This diagram, altho there is very little about it to suggest at 

 first sight either codling-moths, apples, or the weather, is worthy 

 of our most attentive study, because it presents the general sub- 

 stance of all we have learned upon the subject this year. It will 

 be noticed that it is divided into vertical sections, each represent- 

 ing a month, from April to October. The upper series of three 

 black blotches running across from left to right represents the 

 three successive generations of the pupae occurring during the sea- 

 son. The horizontal length of each black figure shows the period 

 over which larvae were pupating, and the vertical height of any 

 portion of it shows the number of larvae which pupated in our ex- 

 periments at that particular time. Examining, for example, the 

 first figure in detail, we see that pupation of the over-wintering 

 larvae began on the 4th of April, but that it amounted to very little 

 until the 16th, when it took an upward start, still more of the 

 larvae pupating from the 19th to the 22d, and most of all from the 

 22d to the 25th. From this point the number pupating fell off by 

 degrees until the 13th of May, when it rose suddenly, fell again 

 three days later, and continued small until the 23d of that month. 

 A similar reading will give corresponding details of the pupation 

 process of the second generation of larvae, extending from the mid- 

 dle of June to the end of July, and also of the third, running from 

 the first of August to the last of that month. The three successive 

 generations of the insect are shown still more distinctly in the fig- 

 ures of the second line, representing the time and numbers in which 

 the moths emerged from the pupae. In the third line we have the 

 times and numbers in which the eggs of the three generations were 

 laid, and the fourth line shows the same facts with reference to 

 the hatching of the eggs. On the fifth line we have times and 

 numbers in which larvae of the various generations left the apple 

 after having completed their growth within the fruit, while the 

 bottom figure gives the mean daily temperatures of the entire sea- 

 son at Olney, averaged, like the life-history data, by three-day 

 periods. 



Essentially the same data as those of the diagram are presented 

 in different form in the following table. In the column giving the 

 dates of appearances and headed "Maximum," the middle figure, 



