For an analysis of the life history of the insect itself, three dif- 

 ferent series of experiments were carried on, each designed to sup- 

 ply, independently of the others, some of the principal facts in the 

 seasonal history of the codling-moth. These experiments may be 

 distinguished as the large-cage series, the breeding-cage series, and 

 the band-record series. In the large-cage experiments, eight frames 

 of timber covered with black wire cloth were used to inclose entire 

 trees. These cages were erected in place just after the trees had 

 come into full bloom. They were made so tight as to prevent the 

 entrance or the escape of the moths, and were used to keep the dif- 

 ferent generations wholly separate. As moths developed from the 

 over-wintering larvae collected in April, some of them were lib- 

 erated in cages 1 to 5, the first to emerge being placed in cage No. 

 1, the last to emerge in cage No. 5, and the intermediate specimens 

 in cages 2, 3, and 4. All the eggs and larvae in these cages thus be- 

 longed to the first generation. Moths developed from larvae reared 

 in these cages were liberated in cages 6 and 7 for the purpose of 

 rearing the second generation, and the moths from this second gen- 

 eration of larvae were liberated in cage No. 8 to give us the third 

 generation of larvae. No moths developed from these third-gen- 

 eration larvae, and hence no fourth generation appeared. By means 

 of these experiments we secured exact data as to the number of 

 generations and the dates when each began and ended. (Fig. 6, 

 7, 8.) 



Since eggs and newly hatched larvae are very hard to find on 

 the tree, some of the first pairs of moths of each generation, and 

 some of the last pairs likewise, were confined in small cheese-cloth 

 bags or cages of wire netting on separate branches each bearing 

 only a few leaves, so that observations could be readily made and 

 the dates when the first eggs and the last eggs were laid and when 

 the first larvae and the last larvae were hatched could be accurately 

 ascertained. (Fig. 9.) To learn precisely when the first and last 

 pupae of each generation were formed within the cocoon, some of 

 the hibernating larvae and some of the larvae of each of the genera- 

 tions reared in the large cages were placed in special observation 

 cages so constructed that their contents could be readily examined 

 and times of pupation noted from day to day without opening up 

 the cocoons. 



In the second or breeding-cage series, pairs of moths were se- 

 lected and confined together in small cages and their progeny was 

 followed from generation to generation thruout the remainder of 

 the season, complete record being kept of each stage and step in 

 the process for each of the successive generations. 



In the band-record series forty-four unsprayed and sixteen 

 sprayed trees were used. The bands were examined every third 



