74. 

 75. 



1 5) 

 • »5 



76. 



11 M 



77. 





78. 



„ afrieanus. 



79. 



,, irulicus. 



1901.] THE 1CU80LBB OF Till'- owghtlata. 659 



Family Elephant id.e. 



72. Etephm indicus. Anderson (XXVII.). 

 7:'». .. Mayer (XXVIIL). 



Miall & Greenwood (XXIX.). 

 Watson (XXX.). 

 Young (XXXI.). 

 Cuvier & Lanrillard (I.). 



R.C.8. Museum. 



Paterson & Dun (uuj)ublished). 



Panauouku cornosus. — The dorso-humeral part of the panuiculus 

 is well developed in all Ungulates except the Tapir, but is not so 

 clearly separated from the abdomiuo-hurneralis as is tho case in 

 many other orders of Mammals ; indeed, the latter muscle is often 

 only indiffereutly represented. 



The posterior attachments of the dorso-humeralis are from the 

 fascia over the buttocks and outer side of the thigh as well as from 

 the mid-line of the lumbar and thoracic regions of the back, and 

 the fibres run downward and forward to be partly inserted into the 

 -pine of the scapula and the fascia near it, and partly with the 

 latissimus dorsi tendon into the humerus, helping to form a fleshy 

 floor to the axilla. 



The abdomino-humeralis, a> we have said, tends to blend with 

 the last muscle posteriorly, though it may, as in the case of the 

 Elephant (77). be attached down the front of the thigh as Ear as 

 the knee; its anterior attachment is to the mid-ventral line partly 

 superficial and partly deep to the pectoral mass. From the records 

 of Cuvier and Lanrillard (I..), Miall and Greenwood (XXIX.), and 

 Anderson (XXVII. ), we believe that the abdomino-humeralis must 

 be better developed in the Elephantida- than it is in other families, 

 although it was very well marked in our specimen of Uvrax. 



It is important to state here that we have no knowledge of the 

 condition of the panuiculus in the Ehinoceros or Hippopotamus. 

 or it would have been interesting to have noticed whether the thick- 

 skin of their backs is coincident with small size of the dorso- 

 humeralis, as in the ease of the Tapir. 



The Bquids are remarkable for a vertical bundle of pannicular 

 fibres situated over the shoulder, which is doubtless of value, by its 

 twitching, in driving off flies From this region. It is present both 

 in the Horse (50) and Ass (61 ). 



In male animals, especially of the Bovidio, Tragulidse, and 

 CervidsB families, some portions of the ventral panuiculus are 

 modified for moving the prepuce. 



In the ueck-region of Ungulates the platysma is always present, 

 but it seems to reach it- maximum in the Studs. In <>uv specimen 

 of the Peccary (1-4) there were three distind sheets— one From the 

 deep Fascia covering the mid-line of the dorsum of the neck as Far 

 hack as the Brat thoracic -pine and carving round the base of the 

 ear, another thin shoe! from the fascia over the scapula, and a 

 third, thicker one from the shoulder-region lower down, 



