fi<54 MESSRS. 13. C. A. WIXBLE AND P. li. PARSONS OX {)*><-. 17. 



In the Suidae, Cuvier and Laurillarcl (7) figure three distinct 

 attrahentes and three retrahentes, and there can be little doubt 

 that it would be most convenient to name these superior, middle, 

 and inferior from their position. In addition to these three attra- 

 hentes there is another, which, from its anterior position, is best 

 named attrahens anterior, and which rises from the upper and 

 back part of the orbicularis palpebrarum. Cuvier and Laurillard 

 also show the attollens divided into an anterior and posterior 

 bundle. There is another bundle which rises from the fascia over 

 the parotid gland and is inserted into the lower part of the auricle, 

 aud which evidently corresponds to the hippotomists' parotido- 

 auricular, a name which seems perfectly satisfactory. Our own 

 specimeus of Suidae (11. 14) agreed fairly well with Cuvier and 

 Laurillard's plates, but the different divisions of the muscles were 

 not so distinct as in the drawings. The attollens nearly reached 

 its fellow in the mid-line, and we failed to make out any division 

 into anterior and posterior parts, while the attrahens anterior 

 rose from the temporal fascia close to the posterior margin of the 

 orbit. 



In the family of Tragulidae. a very detailed description of the 

 ear-muscles of the Javan Chevrotain is given by Kinberg (X.). 

 though, owing to the absence of illustrations, it is difficult to 

 follow his terminology ; it is interesting to notice that he describes 

 the following intrinsic muscles in addition to the extrinsic — 

 antitragicus, helicus major et minor, and trans versus. 



In the Mouflon (45) the attrahens anterior was absent in our 

 specimen, but the superior was subdivided into two bundles, one 

 above the other (see text-fig. 87). In this animal and the Duiker- 

 bok (49) the parotido-auricularis was short but perfectly distinct. 

 In the Horse (56) the parotido-auricularis reaches its maximum 

 of development. For the details of the muscles of the Elephant's 

 ear, we must refer the reader to Watson's careful paper (XXX.). 

 with the nomenclature of which we have tried to make our fore- 

 going remarks agree. 



Muscles of Mastication. 



Buccinator. — This muscle rises from the alveolar margins of 

 both jaws and from the pterygo-mandibular ligament. As Chauveau 

 (II.) and Lesbres (Y.) have noticed, it is divisible into two planes, 

 of which the superficial is the more bipeimiform. It is this plane 

 apparently which Kinberg (X.) describes in the Chevrotain as a 

 separate muscle and calls m. molaris. 



Temporal. — This muscle is always small, though it is com- 

 paratively larger in the Equidae than in the other families. The 

 fibres are much more nearly horizontal than vertical, and probably 

 act much more as opponents of the pterygoids in retracting one 

 side of the jaw during rumination than as closers of the mouth. 

 This seems the more likely as the fibres are more nearly horizontal 

 in the Bovidce, Ceroids, and Tragulida? than in the Equidae. Snide, 



