1,901.] TEX MUSCLES OF THE UNGULAXA. 079 



out that iu the Ass it sometimes only reaches the fifth. Meckel 

 (VII.) says that in the Sheep the muscle is trilaminar, but this was 

 not so in our Mouflon (45). 



Muscles connecting the Fore-limb with the Trunk-. 



Cephalo-humeraMs. — This is a combination of the anterior part 

 of the trapezius, the cleido-mastoid, and the clavicular part of the 

 deltoid, and it has already been pointed out that the omo-hyoid 

 and omo-trachelian occasionally become blended with these. No 

 Ungulate possesses a clavicle, but iu most cases there is a fibrous 

 intersection marking its site and indicating the place where the 

 trapezius ends and the deltoid begins. 



The part of the trapezius which forms the cephalo-humeral 

 rises from the occipital crest in the Hippopotamidse (3), Suidss 

 (7, 11, 13, 14), Tragulidse (20, 21), Cervidse (25, 26, 27, 28), 

 Bovidae (32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 49), Tapiridse (52, 54, 55), Equidffi 

 (56, 58), Procaviidffl (67, U$), and Elephantidtc (72). In the 

 Camelidae and Giraffidaj apparently it rises from further back in 

 the neck. Meckel (VII.) says that in the Camel it conies from 

 the posterior third of the ligamentum nucha-, while Murie in the 

 Alpaca (XXXII.) found it rising from the transverse processes of 

 the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra?. In the Giraffe (29, 30) it 

 had the same origin. We have stated that the anterior part 

 of the trapezius and cleido-mastoid are continued into the fore- 

 limb by the clavicular part of the deltoid, and this is usually 

 inserted into the lower part of the humerus, at least this is 

 the case in the following animals: — Suidae (7, 11, 12, 14), 

 Tragulidae (20, 21), Brocket Deer (27, 28), Giraffe (29, 30), 

 Duiker-bok (49), Tapir (52, 52 a, 55). In the Hippopotamus (1 ) 

 and Elephant (74, 77, 79) the cephalo-humeral is inserted into 

 the upper part of the humerus, while in the Horse (56) and Ass 

 (61) it is attached just below the I'emainder of the deltoid. In 

 the Sheep (43, 45), Goat (48), and Hyrax (68) the insertion blended 

 with that of the biceps and was carried down into the forearm, 

 and in one specimen of Tapir (54) there was an insertion into the 

 forearm as well as one into the lower part of the humerus. The 

 nerve-supply of the muscle corresponds with its compound nature; 

 the trapezius part is supplied by the spinal accessory and upper 

 cervical nerves, the deltoid part by the circumflex. 



Trapezius. — The posterior portion of the trapezius is iu some 

 animals, especially the Suidae, separated by a marked interval from 

 the cephalo-humeral; in others, such as the Brocket Deer, the two 

 muscles are only separable in their lower parts. It has already 

 been pointed out that the omo-trachelian usually appears on the 

 surface between the cephalo-humeral and the trapezius to reach 

 the fascia over the Bcapula. In other orders of Mammals the 

 second and third parts of the trapezius are often quite distinct, 

 but in Ungulates this is seldom the case, and in many cases it is 



quite difficult to separate the pari of the muscle which is inserted 



