6"88 U.K8SAS. I:. C. A. niNHLi, \mi r. <;.. PAB80XS OS I Dee. I / . 



it it i» from the suprascapular, infraspinatus secundum will be a 

 good name, but if it is supplied by the circumflex some other ma} 

 be desirable. 



Steel points out that iu the Ass (62) this muscle is sometimes 

 almost obsolete. 



Teres minor presents little of special interest ; it rises usually 

 from the middle third of the axillary border of the scapula, and is 

 inserted just below the infraspinatus into the great tuberosity. 

 We have already pointed out that Murie has described this muscle 

 as double in the Tapir, and Mayer does the same in the Elepbanl 

 i~'->), though whether this is auother example of an infraspinatus 

 secuudua or not depends on its nerve-supply. In any case no 

 other author seems 1o have noticed it in the Elephant. The nerve- 

 supply is always the circumflex, but there is apparently no gangli- 

 t'oi'in enlargement on the nerve, a1 least we looked for it in the 

 Hog (11), Peccary (14), Brocket (27), Duiker-bok (49), and 

 Hyrax (-68 | without success. 



Teres major rises from the, dorsal third of the axillary border of 

 the scapula, but only very slightly from the suprascapular cartilage ; 

 it is iuserted into the neck of the humerus, and is always very 

 closely connected here with the latissinius dorsi. In the Elephant, 

 judging from Cuvier and Laurillard's plate (I.) and the specimen 

 iu the R. College of Surgeons Museum, the teres major at its 

 insertion lies dorsal to the latissimus dorsi. but in all the other 

 Ungulates of which we have records ('6, 7, 36, 45. 49, 52, 55, 61. 

 53) the teres major is ventral. The nerve-supply is from the 

 lowest subscapular. 



Biceps {Flexor longiu cubiti), — Only one head of the biceps i> 

 present, and this we believe is always the long head, in spite of 

 the fact that it often rises from the coracoid process and is some- 

 times altogether outside the shoulder-capsule. Our reasons for 

 believing this are that iu other Mammals it is always the short 

 head which disappears, and that the tendon in the Ungulates 

 always occupies the bicipital groove. The insertion is chiefly into 

 the upper part of one or both forearm-bones ; but as these are so 

 closely connected, very careful cleaning is required to be sure of 

 its exact attachment. Often when we thought the insertion was 

 into the radius, careful dissection has shown us that this was only 

 apparent and that the tendon really went on to the ulna, and 

 this probably accounts for some of the discrepancies found in the 

 literature of the subject. In many cases a fibrous expansion is 

 given off before the main insertion which goes into the fascia on 

 the extensor surface of the forearm ; this may or may not be 

 homologous with the semilunar fascia of human anatomy, but it 

 is very different in direction and does not pass inward superficial 

 to the brachial artery as in Man. Welker (XXXV.) has pointed 

 out that in the Tapir and Horse the tendon lies altogether outside 

 the shoulder-capsule, and it would be interesting to know whether 

 this is also the case in the Khiuoceros. as it would then be a 

 characteristic of the Perissodactvla. We believe that in the 



