J901.] THE MUSCLES OF THB DNGTTLATA, «»*>-""» 



(67, t>8) there are tendons for the iudex, medius, and annularis, 

 but they sometimes join the flexor brevis digitorum maniis, a? 

 will be pointed out under that muscle. In the Elephant we believe 

 that the flexor sublimis is absent. The muscle which Miall ami 

 Greenwood (XXIX.) describe as sublimis is evidently profundus, 

 for it goes to the terminal phalanges and has the lumbricals rising 

 from it. In the other two Elephants of winch we have clear 

 records (77, 78) there is no flexor sublimis. The nerve-supply is 

 the median in the Deer. Sheep, and Hyrax. 



Flexor brevis digitorwm manus. — This muscle was first noticed l>\ 

 Mivart and Murie in Hyrax, but since then it has been described 

 by us in many mammals. It is possibly a slip of the flexor sub- 

 limis which has acquired a new origin from the annular ligament 

 and palmar fascia, and its tendons of insertion either join the flexor 

 sublimis or form perforated tendons replacing that muscle. In 

 the Ungulates it is found in the two archaic types Hyrax and 

 Tapir and in the Elephant. In the Tapir (55) Murie found it 

 passing 1o all four digits : but we failed to Hud it in our specimen 

 (•"34). nor do Ouvier and Laurillard figure it in theirs (52). In 

 Hyrax (67) s Mivart and Murie found it going to the 2nd. 4th, and 

 5th digits, but it only formed a flexor perforates in the 4th ; the 

 tendon to the index joined the flexor perforans, while that to the 

 minimus joined the flexor sublimis and with it formed a flexor 

 perforatum. In our specimen of Hyrax (68) tendons passed tn the 

 index, medius, and annularis ; the index-slip joined the tendon of 

 the flexor sublimis (see text-fig. 91), but those for the medius and 

 annularis formed independent flexores perforati. 



In Miall and Greenwood's Elephant (74) there were slips to the 

 sheath of the annularis and minimus, and in Cuvier and Laurillard's 

 specimen (77) the insertion was apparently the same. In the 

 College of Surgeons preparation (78) there is only one tendon for 

 the medius. The nerve-supply is the median. 



Flexor carpi ulnaris. — This is also called the oblique flexor of 

 the metacarpus, the anterior ulnaris. and the ulnaris internus. 

 In many Ungulates it has the usual origin from the internal con- 

 dyle and olecranon, and is inserted into the pisiform; but the 

 olecranal head is seldom as well developed as in more general ized 

 mammals, and in many cases is absent altogether. 



In the Hippopotamus (1, 3) the two heads are separable a- far 

 as the pisiform. 



In the Suida) (4, 7, 11, 14) the olecranal head is absent. In 

 the Camel (17) both heads are present. 



In the Tragnlidse tl lecranal head was present though feeble 



in our specimen (-Y\ but it is net mentioned by Kinberg (X.i. 



In the Cervidffi the Brockets (27, 28) have both heads. In the 

 Giraffe, .loly and Lavocal (XII.) neither figure nor mention the 

 olecranal head. 



In the Bovidte, Lesbres points out thai the olecranal head is 

 feeble; it is present in the Oj (42), Sheep (45), and Goal i 18), 

 but not in th<- Duiker-bos (49). In the Tapirid©, Lesbres wyi 



