1894.] MAMMALIAN HAND AND FOOT. 371 



3. Bathyebgtjs MABTTIMUS. 

 Flexores. 



The biceps femoris remains fleshy on the leg and ends tendinous 

 ("fascia") on the foot. 



The gastrocnemius is strong, and also the plantaris ; the latter is 

 inserted into the fascia and continues in the flexor brevis. 



The insertion of the soleus is separated from that of the gastro- 

 cnemius. 



The abductor prcehallucis {tibialis medialis) is very strong 

 (23 mm. 1., 5 mm. br., more than 2 mm. thick ; the tendon 

 measures 25 mm.), supplied by the n. tibialis. It arises from 

 the upper, inner, and anterior parts of the tibia, until close to the 

 origin of the tibialis anticus ; it ends on the tibial surface of 

 the Ph. 



The flexor digitorum subl. and prof, are not divisible ; there are 

 m. lumbricales as usual and a m. accessorius. 



There are two " interossei " for each toe, except for the third toe, 

 which has only one. The interosseus medialis of the hallux comes 

 from the Ph., the inteross. lateralis of the fifth toe comes from an 

 accessory ossicle situated on the top of the Pm. 



d. UNGULATA. 



1. HVEAX BBUCEI. 



The muscles of the leg and foot of this animal show some 

 peculiarities which are of less interest for our subject. 



2. Elephas aeeicanus (Embryo). 



(Eoy. Coll. Surg.) 



Length of the leg 15 cm. 



The biceps femoris ends on the foot. 



The gastrocnemius arises only from the inner side of the femur 

 and from the planum popliteum. 



The plantaris is strong and, after passing behind the calcaneum, 

 ends in the fascia plantaris. Prom this fascia springs only one 

 muscle, which joins the flexor digitorum communis. 



Four lumbricales are present. 



The flexor digit, subl. and profundus join each other in the 

 planta. 



The tibialis posticus goes on the inner border of the tibia to the 

 dorsum pedis, where it ends on the third and second toes. 



Beside this muscle there is another which continues partly the 

 semitendinsous (!) and goes to the hallux and the prcehallux. 



The extensor digitorum longus goes to toes 2-5, the fourth 

 getting two tendons ; as the extensor brevis ends on toes 2-4, 

 the fourth is provided with three tendons. 



There are three muscles arising from the Ph. : — (1) to the 

 hallux ; (2) to the capitnlum of the metatarsal II. ; (3) to the 2nd 

 toe, a long thin tendon, besides that of the^v. longus. 



