1894.] ANATOMY OF PALAMEDEA. COENUTA. 539 



the front edge of the ileum, becomes tendinous in the middle, 

 and then is inserted by fleshy fibres on to the lateral surface of the 

 vertebral spine next in front ; the next anterior part arises tendi- 

 nously from the spinous process of the most posterior uncovered 

 dorsal vertebra, and is inserted on to the vertebi'a next in front ; 

 then follow two of precisely similar relations ; the next is carried 

 on to the dorsal surface of the longissimus dorsi, as also is the last 

 or most anterior portion. 



Ileo-costalis. — This complex muscle lies laterally to the fore- 

 going muscle ; it is fused at the edge with its fibres. It arises 

 from the ileum and from the transverse process beside the attach- 

 ment of the rib ; two similar slips in front of this arise from the 

 transverse process and from the adjacent surface of the rib. The 

 ends of the slips are inserted partly on to the surface of the ribs 

 and partly pass on to the lateral musculature of the neck. 



CervicaUs ascendens. — This is the lateral muscle anterior to the 

 ileo-costalis. It consists of five distinct slips arising from the 

 transverse processes of vertebrae xyi.-xi. with the exception of 

 xn. The two posterior are inserted on to the vertebra? next in 

 front ; the next two are inserted on to the surface of the oblique 

 muscles next in front ; the last one on to oblique muscle next but 

 one in front. Behind these slips, which were obvious, there were 

 indications of additional slips both in front and behind, but these 

 were not sufficiently differentiated from the adjacent muscles for 

 separate description. 



Longus cervicis. — We were not able to separate this median 

 muscle from the forward continuation of the longissimus dorsi 

 and from the median underlying part of the spinalis complex. 



Spinalis complex. — This system of muscles lies deeper than the 

 foregoing. It is divisible into three parts. Part I. (sometimes 

 called the spinalis dorsi) arises apparently only from the longissi- 

 mus dorsi ; it gives off six fleshy bellies which increase in length 

 from the posterior to the anterior ; they are inserted on to the 

 upper posterior surface of the oblique processes of cervicals x.- 

 xvi. In addition the superior fibres from these heads form a 

 well-marked rounded muscular cord, which runs forward to form 

 the longus colli posticus. Part II. consists of only four well- 

 differentiate slender bellies ; these arise from the spinous processes 

 of cervicals xin.-xv., and they are inserted on to a continuous 

 longitudinal band, the posterior part of which sends slips to the 

 three posterior branches of the spinalis dorsi, while the anterior end 

 is inserted on to the oblique processes of cervicals x., xi., at the 

 roots of the anterior two spinalis dorsi bellies. Part III. {longus 

 colli posticus) arises from the sides of the spinous processes of 

 cervicals II.— XI., and from part I. of the spinalis complex ; it is 

 inserted by digitations which merge with the intervertebral 

 muscles in front of its origins. 



Rectus capitis posticus. — It arises from the spinous process of 

 atlas and axis ; its fibres spread out over the occipital under the 

 coin plexus. 



