1894.] ANATOMY OF ATHEEUHA AFRICANS. 681 



in this respect it differs from Hystrix and agrees with the Tree- 

 Porcupines. 



7. The brachialis anticus consists of two parts as in Hystrix, 

 but these two parts are closely blended. In SpJiingurus only the 

 external or long head is present. 



8. The extensor secundi internodii pollicis is absent in Atherura 

 as it is in the Tree-Porcupines. It was found in Hystrix. 



9. The pyriformis is present, as in the Tree-Porcupines. It is 

 absent in Hystrix. I am not inclined to place any great reliance on 

 the presence or absence of this muscle, as it seems occasionally to 

 miss its attachments to the sacrum and to rise from the upper 

 margin of the great sciatic notch ; in these cases it becomes so closely 

 connected with the gluteals as to be almost indistinguishable. 



10. The biceps femoris consists of two parts, as in the Tree- 

 Porcupines. 



11. The peroneus quarti digiti is present as in Hystrix. In the 

 Tree -Porcupines it is wanting. 



It will thus be seen that in most of these points Atherura agrees 

 in its musculature with Hystrix, although in a few it approaches 

 that of the Tree-Porcupines. 



Further observation is, however, necessary in order to eliminate 

 individual variation, and to determine which muscles are really 

 valuable for classiBcatory purposes. 



The rest of the muscles were examined, but were found to 

 correspond so closely with those of Hystrix that it would be 

 almost a recapitulation of that animal to describe them in detail. 



The Digestive System. 



The tongue is long and narrow, and is marked by a median 

 furrow which is most distinct in the anterior part. The anterior 

 third of the dorsum is covered by transverse rows of horny scales, 

 the free edges of which are directed backwards and are serrated, 

 but not so deeply as in Hystrix. There are usually three scales in 

 each row. The posterior two-thirds of the dorsum of the tongue 

 is covered with fine, backwardly directed, filiform papillae, which 

 give the organ a velvety appearance. The fungiform papillae occur 

 on each side of the median furrow, but are most numerous in the 

 anterior and posterior thirds of the organ. There are two circum- 

 vallate papillae. The papillae foliatae consist of about ten parallel 

 vertical slits, their posterior margin extending as far back as the 

 level of the circumvallate papillae. 



On the under surface of the tongue the fungiform papillae are 

 seen to extend over the tip and, with some of the filiform, to cover 

 about a quarter of an inch of the lower surface. The rest of this 

 surface is quite smooth. 



On comparing the tongue of Atlierura with that of Hystrix 



