1893.] 



OS THE BEAIX OF THE AFEICA>' ELEPHAJs'T. 



311 



Plate XXI. 



Fig. 1. Xipteria clytia, p. 302. 



2. Heterusia co/nata, p. 304. 



3. conna, p. 305. 



4- conon, p. 307. 



5, 6. Heferiisia jjlacida, p. 305. 



7. Hetenisia comana, p. 305. 



8, 9. Heterusia pircne, p. 306. 

 10, 11. placilla, p. 307. 



Fig. 12, 13 c5', 14 5. Heterusia 

 pinara, p. 307. 

 15. Trochiodes plagia, p. 308. 

 16, 17. creimi, p. 309. 



18. polijmela, p. 309. 



19, 20. cormasa, p. 309. 



21. co7iiades, p. 309. 



22. (?)plat<sa, p. 310. 



2. On the Brain of the African Elephant, By Frank E. 

 Beddard,, M.A., F.R.S.^ Prosector to the Society. 



[Keceived Februcary 28, 1893.] 



(Plates XXII. & XXIII.) 



So far as I am aware the only existing figures aud description 

 of the brain of this animal are to be found in a paper upon the 

 Carui\'orous brain by Dr. Krueg\ Sir ^V^. Turner, in his accouut 

 of the Mammalian brain in general, refers" only to this source of 

 information. Indeed, the opportunities of dissecting the African 

 Elephaut at all have been very few. Mr. W. A. Porbes, in 1879^, 

 could enumerate only five observers who had pubhshed accounts 

 of the viscera of that animal. I am glad, therefore, to be able to 

 offer to the Society a contribution towards a more complete know- 

 ledge of the anatomy of Elejilias africanus in the description of its 

 brain which I proceed to give. The brain which I propose to 

 describe is that of a young male which died in the Society's Gardens 

 on January loth of the present year. The size of the brain 

 unfortunately prevented its being kept entire for the purposes of 

 a museum specimen ; it was soon found necessary to cut the brain 

 into four pieces ; the hemispheres were separated by a longitudinal 

 cut, and the cerebellum was also divided longitudinally into two 

 halves. AVhen this was done the interior of the brain \Aas found 

 to be in a rather inferior state of preser\ation. Later on it became 

 harder. As, however, the superficial part of the brain has kept 

 well, I am able to deal satisfactorily enough with the convolutions 

 of the hemispheres and with the cerebellum ; that is, of course, 

 wnth regard to the distribution and development of the fmrows. 

 Krueg's figures' of the brain are merely meant to illustrate those 

 fissures which bear an importance, according to his views, through 

 the entire series, the remaining fissures being indicated by dotted 

 lines. Three views are given by Ivrueg of the brains of both Asiatic 



1 " Ueber die Furchen auf der Grosshirnrinde der zouoplacentalen Siluge- 

 thiere," Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxiii. p. fi52. 



^ " The Ctiiivohitioiis of tlie Uruiu ; a Study iu Comparative Anatomy," Jouni . 

 Anat. & Pliys. xxv. p. IU5. 



* " On the Aniitoiny of the African Elephant (PJlej^has africanus, Bhun.)," 

 P. Z. S. 1879, p. 420. 



* On pi. xxxviii. of h\6 memoir. 



