1900.] SOFT ANATOMY OF THE MUSK-OX. 145 



palati, entirely surrounded by a furrow which also extends 

 forward. The inner side of the lips and of the buccal tracts (fig. 2, 

 p. 144) is provided with a large number of strongly developed conical 

 papillae. In a region of the upper lip in front of the upper molars 

 these are simply conical, measuring 7-8 mm. in length. In other 

 parts they are chiefly 2- or 3-pointed. In the middle part of the 

 buccal tract and along the molars these papillae sometimes measure 

 as much as 5 mm. in breadth at their base, 6g-7 mm. in height, and 

 they are provided with 7-8 acute points, lurther in the papilla? 

 are not so densely crowded, but become more scattered. The 

 posterior ones are also comparatively more stout and bluntly 

 conical, and in those parts single-pointed ones are also seen. 

 Ovibos seems to differ in this respect from Bos and Ovis, in which, 

 at least as a rule, these papillae are single-pointed. In Capita the 

 papillae in question are mostly single-pointed, but in the row on the 

 outside of the upper molars I have seen 2- and 3-pointed papillae, 

 and in the corresponding series of the lower jaw the usual number 

 is 3 or more points. In Capreolus some few of the buccal papillae 

 have more than one point, and in Rangifer this is to a great extent 

 the case. 



On both sides along the insertion of the tongue there is a series 

 of large conical papillae. The most anterior of these especially 

 have more than one point in Ovibos. In Capra and Ovis the 

 corresponding papillae are simple, so far as I have seen, but in 

 Capreolus some of the anterior ones are double- or triple-pointed. 



The earuneula sublingualis in Ovibos consists of a triangular flap 

 inserted along its median side, and with the tip of the lateral point 

 curved forward. At the base of this triangular flap lies posteriorly 

 another digitiform, but flattened papilla, which extends forward 

 along its lateral margin. This condition is different both from 

 that of Bos, in which a broad flap is found, and that of Ovis and 

 Capra, in which there is a large triangular flap anteriorly, behind 

 which are two smaller ones. In Capreolus this earuneula is 

 elongated and semilunar, with 6-7 marginal denticulations. 



The tongue of an adult bull (fig. 3, p. 146) measures about 27 cm. 

 in length. Its anterior and broadly rounded end is 6 cm. in breadth. 

 In the middle it is narrower, measuring 4| em., but its hind part 

 is again nearly 6 cm. The posterior couvex portion is very much 

 thicker (about 56 mm.) than the flat anterior (about 33 mm.) part, 

 and divided from it by a transverse groove. This groove is situated 

 exactly in the middle of the tongue, 13| cm. from either end. On 

 (he anterior portion an asperity is produced by the dense covering 

 of the horny papilla filiformex, which are flattened and almost 

 scale-like, but pointed. The same covering also extends 1-li cm. 

 over the lower side of the tongue, especially anteriorly. Towards 

 ihe sides the papilla? are less flattened andrnore filiform. Posteriorly 

 they increase in size and are more pronouncedly scale-like. In 

 the transverse groove their breadth is nearly 1 mm. Papilla 

 fungiformes an- scattered all over the anterior portion of the 

 tongue, although rather widely (8 mm.) separated in its central 



Pjioc. Zool, Boc.— 1900, No. X. 10 



