154 DR. B. LOXXBERG ON THE [Feb. 20, 



The terminal portion of the rectum, perhaps 25 cm., is missing. 



For comparison it may be mentioned that Mr. J. Arwidson made 

 1 he following measurements of the intestine of another specimen. 

 He loosened the intestine from the mesentery and stretched it 

 out on the deck of the steamer, which of course resulted in larger 

 figures. Small intestine 31 m. 2 cm. Caecum 75 cm. Large 

 intestine 11 m. 99 cm. 



But in this case, also, the last part of the rectum from the 

 anterior end of the urinary bladder was missing. Since the intestine 

 was stretched in this case, it may be more reliable to use my own 

 figures. We find, then, that the small intestine is not much more 

 than twice as long (more exactly 2*1, and according to Arwidson's 

 measurements 2-5) as the large intestine. For comparison I have 

 in the same way measured the intestines of a sheep and a goat 

 preserved in formalin and still adherent to the mesentery, viz. : — 



Ovis. Capra. 



Small intestine 15 m. 15 cm. 14 m. 77 cm. 



Caecum 36 cm. 22 cm. 



Large intestine .... 4 m. 90 cm. 4 m. 90 cm. 



In both these cases we find that the small intestine is fully 

 three times as long as the large. Similar figures occur in literature 

 concerning other species of Ovis and Capra, and in Bos the small 

 intestine is 3 to 4 times as long as the large one. 



The great length of the large intestine in the Musk-ox is an 

 adaptation suitable for the digestion of some special kind of food. 

 It is thus probable that feeding on the twigs of the arctic willow 

 and similar indigestible material, which, when the short arctic 

 summer has passed, must be the only food of this hardy animal, 

 has produced this great development of the large intestine. 



The liver of the Musk-ox (fig. 8, p. 155) is divided into a right and 

 a left lobe. The diameters of the left lobe are 16 cm. x 21 cm., and 

 its thickness is between 4 and 5 cm. The corresponding measure- 

 ments of the right lobe are IS, 22, and 8 cm. The spigelian lobe is 

 small and triangular (4| cm. base, 2| height) with a broad base, thus 

 exhibiting that shape which has been called by Garrod 1 oviform. 

 The lobus cuudatus (I.e.) is flattened, 124 cm. long by 8.4 broad, and 

 carries at the end a small lobule 3-3 cm. broad and 1"8 long. 

 The gall-bladder (f/b) is, as usual, situated on the posterior surface 

 of the right lobe, 9 cm. from the umbilical fissure, the depth of 

 which is about 6 cm. It has thus a rather central position in the 

 right lobe. "When empty and contracted it is 11 cm. in length. 



The ductus clioledeclius, which has a considerable width, opens into 

 the duodenum 63 cm. from the pylorus. About 10 cm. before it 

 pierces the wall of the intestine it receives the ductus pancreaticus 

 {cf. the figure). This description being taken from the organ of 

 a full-grown bull. 



A comparison of the liver of Ouibos with that of other Pecora 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, pp. 2 et seq. 



