1900.] MAMMALS OF SlAM AND THE MALAY PENINSULA. 367 



(p. 55) " a two-horned Rhinoceros is stated by the Malays to inhabit, 

 but rarely to leave, the densest jungle," which he expects to be 

 R. sumatrensis. Unfortunately he does not mention seeing any 

 local specimens, or give any details of why he includes R. unicornis 

 in his list. 



Personally 1 have never seen even the tracks of a wild rhinoceros. 

 At Alor Star, Kedah, the Malays told me no rhinoceros was known 

 in that district, which is mostly flat ; they looked on it as an animal 

 only inhabiting the mountains. An Englishman once told me he 

 had seen tracks of rhinoceros on Gunong Jerai (Kedah Peak) at 

 several thousand feet above the sea. In Perak, English friends 

 have told me, rhinoceroses were not uncommon till three or four 

 years ago in the Larut Hills above four thousand feet. In the 

 south of Perak, however, a friend told me he had once seen a 

 rhinoceros in a swamp, it was reddish in colour. The ' Bangkok 

 Times ' for 11th Nov., 1897, mentions a rhinoceros being shot by 

 Mr. C. Ephraums : unfortunately this account, as usual, does not 

 say to what species the animal belonged and gives but few details — 

 the rhinoceros was " seen at a sulphur spring within six miles of 

 Ipoh," Perak: it "was an old male, stood 6 feet high at the shoulder 

 and about 8 feet in length ; his ' Sumbu,' or horn, measured 13 

 inches and weighed 3 lbs." 



Mr. Ridley told me that in 1896 he saw a rhinoceros in the 

 Dindings ; and (J. S. B. E. A. S. no. 25, Jan. 1894, p. 59) he 

 mentions having seen tracks of some species of rhinoceros in the 

 Tahan River woods, Pahang, where he also heard the animal at 

 night. 



Mr. T. ff. Carlisle, H.B.M. Consular Service, writing to me 

 from Baw Yakar, Pailin, Battambong Province of Siam, 4th Eeb., 

 1899, says " I have met an old Shan hunter here who has shot 

 both the one-horned and the two-horned rhinoceros."' 



139. Rhinoceros sondaicus Cuv. The Smaller One-horned 

 Rhinoceros. 



Rhinoceros son>(aicus, Blanf. Faun. Ind., Mamm. p. 474, fig. 155 

 (p. 475). 



A young female, just dead, was brought to the Siamese Museum 

 on the 10th Eeb., 1897, which I was told had been brought from 

 the Laos Country, and had died on reaching Bangkok. There 

 was no horn. Colour uniform dusky grey. Only one pair of 

 incisors showed through the gums in the lower jaw, they were 

 tusk-like ; none showed in the upper jaw, the gum forming a 

 hard pad in the place where the incisors of a horse would be. 



Ridley (Nat. Science, vi. 1895, p. 161) says R. sondaicus appears 

 to be the common rhinoceros of the Malay Peninsula. " It fre- 

 quents the hill-jungles, ascending to 4000 feet altitude, and seems 

 usually to move about at night, though one may come upon it by 

 day. It has a habit of constantly using the same track, and 

 dropping its dung in the same place daily, a habit common also to 

 the tapir. As the jungle gets cleared, it wanders often into the 



