54 Human Longevity. 



&c., from the position of the two former on the saddle, irreg- 

 ular living, &.C., and from the want of muscular exercise, in 

 the two latter, are subject to gastric disorders, and, finally, to 

 apoplexy and palsy, which shorten their lives. Carp(>nters, 

 coopers, wheel wriglits, &,c., are healthy and long-lived. Smiths 

 are often intemperate, and die comparatively young. Rope- 

 makers and gardeners suffer from their stooping postures. — 

 In-door occupations. Tailors, notwithstanding their confined 

 atmosphere and bad posture, are not liable to acute diseases, 

 but give way to stomach complaints and consumption. The 

 prejudicial influence of their employment is more insiduous 

 than urgent: it undermines rather than destroys life. Stay- 

 makers have their health impaired, but live to a good age. 

 Milliners, dressmakers and straw bonnet makers, are unheal- 

 thy and short-lived. Spinners, cloth-dressers, weavers, Slc, 

 are more or less healthy, according as they have more or less 

 exercise and air. Those exposed to inhale imperceptible 

 particles of dressings, &c., such as frizers, suffer from disease, 

 and are soonest cut off. Shoemakers are placed in a bad 

 posture. Digestion and circulation are so much impaired, 

 that the countenance marks a shoemaker almost as well as 

 a tailor. We suppose that, from the reduction of perspira- 

 tion, and other evacuations, in this and similar employments, 

 the blood is impure, and, consequently, the complexion dark- 

 ened. The secretion of bile is generally unhealthy, and 

 bowel complaints are frequent, In the few shoemakers who 

 live to old age, there is often a remarkable hollow at the base 

 of the breast bone, occasioned by the pressure of the last. 

 Curriers and leather-dressers are very healthy, and live to old 

 age. Saddlers lean much forward, and suffer, accordingly, 

 from headache and indigestion. Printers (our worthy co-op- 

 erators) are kept in a confined atmosphere, and generally 

 want exercise. Pressmen, however, have good and varied 

 labor. The constant application of the eyes to minute objects 

 gradually enfeebles these organs. The standing posture, long 

 maintained here, as well as in other occupations, tends to 

 injure the digestive organs. Some printers complain of dis- 

 order of the stomach and head, and few appear to enjoy full 

 health. Consumption is frequent. We can scarcely find or 

 hear of any compositor above the age of 50- In many towns, 

 printers are intemperate. Bookbinders, — a healthy employ- 

 ment. Carvers and gilders look pale and weakly, but their 

 lives are not abbreviated in a marked degree. Clockmakers 

 are generally healthy and long-lived ; watchmakers, the re- 

 verse. House servants, in large, smoky towns, are unhealthy. 



