260 Phrenology. 



of the brain, ^c, furnish the facts on which phrenology rests. 

 By means of such observations, Gall considered that he had found 

 the parts of the brain belonging to several faculties and disposi- 

 tions. These, as far as they can be discovered by observation 

 of the exterior of the skull, are, of course, only such as are situa- 

 ted towards the surface of the brain: a number of others, situated 

 deeper, and towards the centre, may, indeed, be conjectured at 

 present, but can only be ascertained by continued study. What- 

 ever may be the opinion respecting phrenology, it is certain that 

 the observations of Gall, and other phrenologists, are highly re- 

 markable; and Gall's idea is not, as some have asserted, immoral, 

 and founded on materialism. From times immemorial, it has been 

 known that men are born, not only with different faculties of in- 

 tellect, but also with different moral dispositions, which is true 

 both of single individuals, and of whole nations, and the phrenol- 

 ogist only strives to find the organic cause of these differences, 

 which is as innocent as to ascribe pecuhar dispositions to the in- 

 fluence of climate. The phrenologist does not say that these dis- 

 positions cannot be overcome; but who does not know that mor- 

 al efforts are much more difficult to some persons than to others.'' 

 The individual organs, according to the classification nomencla- 

 ture of doctor Spurzheim's New Physiognomical System, pub- 

 hshed in 1815, are as follows. A faculty is admitted as primitive 

 if it exists in one kind of animal and not in another; varies in the 

 two sexes of the same species; is not proportionate to the other 

 faculties of the same individual; does not manifest itself simulta- 

 neously with the other faculties (appears and disappears earher 

 or later in life than other faculties); may act, or rest singly; may 

 singly preserve its proper state of health or disease. The organs 

 are divided into those of the propensities, the sentiments, and the 

 intellect. ' 



I. Propensities. 



The faculties falling under this genus, do not form ideas; their 

 sole function is to produce a propensity of a specific kind. These 

 faculties are common both to man and other animals. 



1. Jlmativeness. The cerebellum is the organ of this propen- 

 sity, and it is situated between the mastoid process on each side, 

 and the projecting point in the middle of the transverse ridge of 

 the occipital bone.* The size is indicated during life by the 

 thickness of the neck at these parts. In new-born children the 

 cerebellum is the least developed of all the cerebral parts. It is, 

 to the brain, as one to thirteen, fifteen, or twenty, and in adults 



• For illustration of these, see Plate ix. 



