Phrenology. 265 



take care of themselves; they will be rarely found in danger, 

 Many of the lower animals, as the hare, rook, etc., possess the 

 organ largely developed. 



13. Benevolence. This organ is situated at the upper part of 

 the ffontal bone, in the coronal aspect, and immediately before 

 the fontanel. The faculty produces the desire of the happiness 

 of others, and disposes to compassion and active benevolence. 

 It communicates mildness and cheerfulness to the temper, and 

 disposes the possessor to view charitably the actions and charac-; 

 ters of others. The lower animals possess this organ, but the 

 faculty in them seems to be limited, in a great degree, to the pro- 

 duction of passive mildness of disposition. Dogs, horses, mon- 

 keys, etc., which have the corresponding part of the forehead 

 large and elevated, are mild and pacific; those on the other hand, 

 in which it is small and depressed, are ill-natured. It is depress- 

 ed in all the ferocious tribes of animals, and also in nations re- 

 markable for cruelty. 



Sentiments Proper to Man. 



14. Veneration. This organ is situated at the middle of the 

 coronal aspect of the brain, at the bregma or fontanel of anato- 

 mists. The faculty produces the sentiment of respect and rever- 

 ence; and when directed to the Supreme Being, leads to adora^ 

 tion. It predisposes to rehgious feeling, without determining the 

 manner in which it ought to be directed; so that if the under- 

 standing be very unenlightened, it may be gratified with the wor- 

 ship even of images or idols. It is the source also of the tenden- 

 cy to look up to, and admire superiors in rank and power; and, 

 in this way, disposes to obedience. It gives rise to the profound 

 emotions of respect experienced by many, when looking on the 

 ruins of a palace or temple, the graves of their forefathers, or the 

 former habitations of men eminent for genius or virtue. It en- 

 ters largely into the constitution of a devoted antiquary. It is al- 

 so the chief element in filial piety. 



15. Hope. This organ is situated on each side of that of ven- 

 eration, and extends under part of the frontal and pare of the pa- 

 rietal bones. The faculty produces the sentiment of hope, in 

 general, or the tendency to beheve in the possibihty of what the 

 other faculties desire, but without giving the conviction of it, 

 which depends upon reflection. It inspires with gay, fascinating, 

 and delightful emotions, painting futurity fair and smiling as the 

 regions of primeval bliss. It gilds and adorns every prospect 

 with shades of enchanting excellence; while cautiousness hangs 

 clouds and mists over distinct objects, seen by the mind's eye, 



34 . 



