Phrenology. 373 



portion to llie de'xterlty and taste of individuals in regard to 

 these properties, the organs are severally developed. Even- 

 tuality is expressed by the verb, as individuality is by the sub- 

 stantive, and it is remarkable that Home Tooke, who proposed 

 that the parts of speech should be reduced to two, viz. the sub- 

 stantive and verb, had these two organs very large. This faculty 

 induces a love of facts, events, stories, &.c. It is situated imme- 

 diately above individuality. 



The poets have given beautiful descriptions of Hope. Reli- 

 gion admits it, and we readily recognize in the existence of this 

 faculty, ,a most beneficent provision for our happiness, deprived 

 of which the joys of life would no longer afford pleasure, and its 

 sorrows be unsusceptible of mitigation. It is found that individu- 

 als greatly differ in respect to this faculty. There are the opti- 

 mists ever cheerful, and those who constantly fail in plans only to 

 enact new ones on their ruins, and start again with renewed hope; 

 these we call the schemers. Circumstances auspicious in the 

 highest degree, inspire no felicity into the minds of some. A set- 

 tled gloom darkens the path and obscures the sunshine of happi- 

 ness. These possess little hope, and the cerebral part ascribed to 

 this organ is small ; while in the former class it is strikingly large. 

 The existence of a moral sense has been a disputed proposition, 

 and many still doubt it, while others strenuously maintain that 

 there is in man an internal monitor, which directs his conduct, and 

 punishes or rewards him according to his deeds. The civil law, 

 however, does not leave the punishment of crime to this con- 

 science, as it is termed. From which, as well as from the fact, 

 that many excellent men aver that they have and do experience 

 effects attributed to it, we infer that it exists, but, like the other 

 faculties, in various degrees. It is not however defined by phre- 

 nologists as an absolute and sure guide in right conduct, but it 

 occasions a desire to know the right and to do it. It is large in 

 children, who avowedly have an acute sense of the justice of 

 conduct, and it is found to diminish as they advance in life. This 

 may be ascribed to want of cultivation. While some address the 

 love of approbation, and others self-esteem, to induce virtue, and 

 while many are martyrs to acquisitiveness, vanity, &;c. how few 

 appeal to the sense of right innate in the child, or measure their 

 own actions by the standard of justice within them! Conscien- 

 tiousness is obviously as necessary to benevolence as marvellous- 

 ness is to religion. It is small in most criminals, and in view 

 of its powerful influence merits the profound attention of the di- 

 vine, moralist and teacher. 



Some religious persons dislike to see powers destined to give 



