FRINGILLID^. 25 



very noisy meeting upon the highest branches, all chattering 

 at once ; the Malays sometimes succeed in teaching them to 

 talk, but their education is difficult. 



Sub-fam. Graculinas. 

 Gen. Gracula. 



Gracula Javanensis. 



„ religiosa, var. jS (Latham, Index). 

 Tjyung (Malay name). 



Black, with purple reflections on the fore part of the body and 

 D-reenish reflections on the lower back and tail-covers ; a bar of white 

 extends across the centre of the seven first primaries ; the white, how- 

 ever, is upon the inner web only of the first, and the outer web of the 

 seventh ; the feathers of the head are short, glossy, and recurved, but 

 parted along the centre of the head by lengthened, narrow, and 

 straight feathers, the skin below the eye is bare ; a long yellow 

 wattle extends on each side from the hind head down the nape ; bill 

 and feet reddish yellow. 

 Length, about 12^ inches. 



„ of bill from gape, Ig inch. 

 „ of bill from front, l^- inch. 

 Width, at base of lower mandible, 9 lines. 

 Depth, at nostrils, 7 lines. 

 Length of wings, 6| inches. 

 „ of tail, 3|- inches. 

 „ of tarsus, 1 inch 4 lines. 

 „ of middle toe, 1 inch 8 lines. 

 „ of hallux, 1 inch 3 lines. 



These birds are very noisy, frequently flying at a great 

 height and making a noise like Jackdaws, and sometimes 

 turning over in the air like tumbler Pigeons ; in the rainy 

 season they are more noisy than at other times ; they build 

 in hollow trees ; when young, they are extremely easy to 

 tame, become very familiar, and learn to talk pretty well ; 

 hence they are often kept as pets. 



Fam. Fringillidae. 

 Sub-fam. Fringillinse. 

 Gen. Amadina. 



Amadina sinensis. ^ 



Lonchura melanocephala (McClell., P. Z. S. 1839). 

 Loxia Malacca (Bon., Consp. Av.). 



Adult 3 head, throat, nape, upper breast, centre of belly and lower 



