22 



The niolhiwons rIicIIh, wliidi iniiy b«? divulfil into IüikI-iuuI fn-sli-walcr 

 rIk'IIs (mostly Ilclix, MoUiniii (itnl ('yri'im) uii (uu- siiK-, iiiul murine sIkHs on tlio 

 otluT, iilso U'lon^ mtislly to suiviviiif; Juiwik'.'*! s|>iri»w. This may Iw even 

 cxchisively 8.ii.l of tl>u Iiitnl-iiml fresli-wator shells, Imt not no oxcliwivcly 

 of the uiiuiiie sliells, Ik'c;iiis<? lunoii'j these? there :vre Kome wliieli have Uvn 

 washed out of tertiary Iteds ami a-*le|H)site'.l. In this e;ust', of courju-, the jia-wrva- 

 tion of the shells is inferior to tliat of the sliells of tliu tertiary layers tliemselvcs ; 

 fr.igments prevail, ami that sort of fresli lustre whirh is very often foun<l in 

 alluvial sliell-deiKisits of any ori'^in. is entirely wanliri-^, just its it is only exwp- 

 tionally seen in the tertiiry Ixils. The s;ime may he s;ii<l of eom-se alMiut cnilw 

 and crayfish, starfish, eomls and hryozi«, whilst reef-bnildinj; corals, ns scarei'ly 

 needs be mentioned, are wantin«; in all tlie quaternary ik'iwsits. 



Among the terrestrial animals we liave only mammals, and even among 

 these tlie nmnlier of species is rather liniiteil. Stag's antlers have licvn foimd. 

 hut it lias not Ijeen ascertained wliether they belong to Cervus Sika Sieb, or to 

 some other sjx-'cies extinct in Ja|ian, s<> that it woidd not lie allowable to s|ieak ot 

 the existence of any siieh species. A great many vertebrae of (A'tiieea have Ixt-n 

 collected, and iv< far as may lie concluded fron» the deserijitions of the localities, 

 partly in diluvial strata; for whilst in some instaeices it is re|iortc«l that they 

 have lieen found in deep valleys, yet in other cji-ses the reverse i» asserted. The 

 sjK'cies they belong to, could be only very imjierfectly detennined ; in one aun^ 

 a skull wa.s dug out which belongs to rh<icaena globiceps t!uv. whilst in anoth<>r 

 one the teeth which h.ad been found are those of I'hocaena Orca li. Several 

 other species will no d<iubt Ixj added to this incomplrte list. 



Last, not le-.ist, the Klephunt-ttvth and jaws are to lie mentionc-d, which 

 belong to two ditVerent sjiecics. 



FIRST SPKCIES. 



1 1 Four branches of the jaws of one— ajiparently young— animal have Inien 

 found not exactly within the limits of the district we aie describing, but are well 

 worth mentioning in other repects. The nnmlier of plati-s is com|inratively 

 small ; the teeth morisiver, in spit<^ of being very large, arc undoubteilly niilk- 

 molai°s. There aiv two in every branch, and the posterior one is n<it ground at all, 

 but h;is the ridges or plates rather [irominent. I cotmt 5 plates ami one (posterior) 

 talon in the anterior teeth of the lower jaw, four plates and one (jiosterior) 

 talon in the anterior te<th of the upi>er jaws ; the anterior siile is much worn 

 and partly destroyed. The length of the lower teeth is (jfi millim., that of the 

 np|ier .W m'm, the bre;uUh of Iwth is 38 mm. Tiie posterior tei'th are not 

 fully grown out of the sockets, and their iwsterior end is not visible. The 

 numlier of the jilates visible is 5 in the lower jaw, with one (anferi<irl talon. In 

 the ujiiH-r jaw there is one plate les.s. In b<ifh jaws one plate, or iK'rlia|is one 

 plate and a talon, must lie adde«! to the numlicT of the visible plate«. The 

 length is .W mm. 



