23 



The small number of plates is remarkable in so large teeth (whose entire 

 height, however, is compai-atively small ; it is visible in the (losterior ])art of 

 tlie left ujiper jaw, and by this circumstance alone the teeth are proved to [to 

 milk-teeth). This fact excludes every possibility of regarding this specimen as 

 belonging to the second species to be mentioned, viz. E. anti(pins. Besides, the 

 solidity, and the little deviation from the oblong form exhibited by the plates 

 and the ridges corresponding to them, together with the form of the mandibles, 

 as far as they .are preserved, make it certain that we are dealing with Elephas 

 meridionalis Nesti. This species has been establisted by Nesti in the Ann. 

 Mus. d. Firenze, vol. 1, p. g, pi. 1, f 1 and 2, and the name is .synonymous with 

 E. Malbattu and with 2 names given also by Nesti, viz E. minutus ami E. 

 minimus, ib. ]il. 1^ f . 1. The latter of these two names is not to be confounded 

 with an E. mininuis Gieljel, ^vhich is nothing but a young E. [iriniigenius Bind). 

 Tlie comparatively large size of the jaws of the very young animal, and, as I 

 said, the form of the lower jaws attest also this relationship. The mandib'e 

 could be directly compared with a plaster copy of one of the st;ui lard siJücimens 

 of Elephas meridionalis, and showed no difference in any proportion, being only 

 as much smaller in all dimensions as may be fully explained by the young ago 

 of the individual. The so-called gutter is of tlie normal size, the angle of Iho 

 branches of the mandible equal to 115". The entire mandible is 390 mm long. 

 300 mm wide at the posterior end. The fii-st 2ir> mm open more slowly (the 

 interval reaching only 70 mm, whilst the breadth of the bones is 100); the 

 anterior extremity is 70 mm broad (in the median line). 



The locality in which this specimen was found is in the neighbourhood of the 

 Biva-lake, province of Omi. Further details about the way in which the bones 

 were f(jund and how they were deposited, I have not been able to ascertain. 



2) As this first specimen, though the completest of all I have seen in Japan, 

 does not belong to an adult animal, another one is of importance, though 

 topograpliically still farther separated from our area. It has been found in the 

 jirovince of lyo, in the island of Shikoku, and is a huge last molar tooth colored 

 very dark brown, almost black, with all the lustre of the fresh tooth, but covered 

 in a few places by serpulae and small oyster-shells. It belongs to the right 

 bi-anch of the mandible and has a total length of 200 millimetei-s, a breadth of 

 90 and reaches a height of 110. It contains 8 plates, the two Lust of wliich are 

 small, the jienultimatc worn very little and the last one not at all. The crowns 

 are broad, highly elevated anil conically a.scending ; their length readies 7.'J 

 millimeters. 



3) The tliird sjiecimen of Elephiis meridionalis Nesti is n lower jaw found 

 in the year 18C8 near Yokosuka (Siigami), which therefore Wongs to the district 

 ill (piestion. It was taken to Paris by Dr. Sivvatier, and is mentioned by 

 Antonio Htoppani in his ' Corso di (Jeologiu,' vol. 2, p. tJ77 (Milaiio 1873). 

 Together with the remains of the next sficcies it pnives the coexistence of llie.so 

 two species of Elephas not only in Japan but also in tlie environs of Tokio, just 



