54 



1. 11") aiul lir,— Jiffn-ys, l)rit. CotuJi. v. 2. |.. 3.)9.-\VfiiikaMir, Conch. 

 .1, MitU'lm. V. 1. J) '.IT.— S. Wood, C'mg-Molluscii, v. 2, ]>. Ml, Siipi.l. j.. 

 14"), pi. 10, f. 4 — Duiikrr, ^lolliisoi Jii|K)iiiii» p. 20.— Sthrenck, nonl- 

 jiiptiM.' JIoll. p. 533.— Syii. Taix.'8 Pliilippinnniin Aiiams iiml Ilccvc, Zool. 

 of tlic voyage of H. M.'S. Samamiig, Moll. p. 79, jil. 22, f. 10; Sowcrby, 

 Tins, conch, v. 2, p. 094, jil. l.')l, f. 14^ and 147; Reeve, Conch. Icon. 

 TaiH.'S, pi. 11, f. r)G; Lisch ke, jap.xn. Meeros-Conch. v. 1, p. 115, v. 2, ]>. 

 108 and v. 3, ji. 78, pi. 10, f. 4, the last representing a variety ciille«! 

 Tai)es ilncalis hy Uoiiner, Monogr. der Moll. -Gatt. Venus, v. 2, p. 82, 

 pi. 28, f. 3.). 



It s.enis strange, indeed, that Lisehke rejeet.s the dcterniinutionh oi Dunker 

 and Schrenek, and also of Jay, ha.sed uivtn a sjrnpulons examination f>f ltnndre<lH 

 of specimens, and that he tries to point out differences which do not corre»iKind 

 to what is really seen in the East-Asiatic s|)ecimcns. They arc indcc<l far from 

 lK3ing always thicker, or shorter, than the European ones. The jtostcrior dorsal 

 margin is very often just as straight in the .laiKiuese shells as iti the Euroix.'un, 

 and the tlilTerenccs seen in one jiart of the globe recur in the other. As for tlie 

 sculpture, tlie variability of the Eurojioan specimens may have even a little 

 wider range. One of Lischke's reasons for giving T. Philippinarum as a distinct 

 species seems to be that T. decussatu.s_is not an arctic .«hell. Ihit arbitrary as it 

 imdoubtedly is to reject the wide distribution of a species on this account, this 

 reason is also much weakened by tlie occurrence of T. decussiitas not only in the 

 Rritish sljis, but also in the diluvial jiost-glacial beds of North-Britain.— Tiic 

 species is not uncommon in other Japanese localities containing tertiary Ixxls, 

 but only rarely met with at Surugadai. It reacliei» here 3G nuu. in length, 25 

 in height and 1<) in thickness. 



SHINACiAWA. 



The next place to be mentioned is a deep r.iihvay-cntting in the »onthwes- 

 tern part of Tokio itself, uext to the station of Shinagawa. It is very near the 

 sea, but does not lielong to the bluff-exiiosures mentioned in the following 

 chajjtcr. 



The railway-cutting dLssects, in its northeastern part, tertiary UmIs uncon- 

 formably covered by lower diluvial strata. As far as the vegetation allows to 

 see, both formations are horizontal. The unconformability, however, is obvious. 

 The limit is undulated and slo|i(.'s stt mpiilly, that, in the soiithweslern part of 

 the .'a'ue cutting, oidy diluvial strata, mostly formed of gmvel, are cx]M(s<.-d, and 

 they fill up the whole cutting from the top to the very bottom. The liest place 

 for digging out shells is a few yards beyond the bridge letuling over tlie cutting, 

 at a short distanw from the station, and 1 to 2 meters above tlie railway-level. 

 This digging K-ing kindly allowed by the authoritii-s, I obtainol liere the follow- 

 ing species already mentioned from one or both of the foregoing localities. 



