82 



or alluvial p:\rts. Miin may have jtreviously oxistwl dw lie has Ihwii prove«! to 

 k^ contonipoiiintious not only willi llie «ivo-litvir iiml tlio inaininotli, l»iit iilw» 

 with Kk'pli:vs anlKpius in Eiirop-I; Imt ho cm only have t'xisUvl !is it p'.diisloriu 

 race snnilar to thu man of Knghin and of Nfeimlurlha'. 



Tlio rimng of tho liunl sooms to be indcpJii hut of the Vi>lcniic phit-no- 

 mciia. Wo find iiidi'Oil sn<h elevations in any jMit of Ih« world, with «»r 

 without volcanic i\i;tion, and tlie «piisstion is a very complicated one, whether— or 

 how far— this action may Ih? the causo of the rlsiii;j; of land. f)i\ the other hand, 

 this rising seems to have an influence on the voKanic pha^noinena, namely, 

 that it tenils to mitigate them and aiascs them to withdraw from certiin part«. 

 The volainoes seem to lie dependent »iwn the jiresenco of water, and thus a 

 diminution and retreat of volcanic action in Ja|«n is jierfectly accounted for. 



It has l>een said above, that we are not entitl«-«! to assume a height, ii'd 

 degree of volcanism during the ipiateniary age; and when we consider tlie U:^r 

 layers of quaternary conglomerates, which even ia volcanic dislriclj» cover 

 tufaceous rocks, without Iniing tufaceous themselves, this conclusion Civntiot but 

 be confinnel. The level v.-hich, in such in<l;injos, is ruilKid by ■quiteriiary 

 layers, is sometimes very high. In the district of H.ikone it is decitk-illy above 

 700 meters. But we do not know whether these strata arc not freshwater 

 deposits kept iij) in a high level much like the present lake of Hakone. 



The volcanic action, not very intense, after all, at j.rcscnt in Ja|>an, si^cms 

 —as above stated— to have h id its maximum about the &\uu' period at which the 

 youngest tertiary dei>osita were made, as is provc.l indee«! by the large amount 

 of tufas found among the.^c rocks, and the more so, the nf.ircr we arc to the 

 volcanic centres iiointed out in the first chapter. — 



With these remarks founded upm nünute investigation I conclude tin- 

 sketch of the 'Geology of Tokio,' by which I hopa to give some impulse to, and 

 some basis for, further ol)senations and studies. 



