iiiiil liMilüitii; nipidly, pioiliiciii^, in luldition to tlu-oiilMtuiuv of tlio imwly furiia-«! 

 cells, alcoliol nu(\ cnvlKiiiic iicid ;v> the r«<iilt.s nf itn j^rowlli Tlioce celln wIhmi 

 oMiiniiieil iiiiilcr tlic inicro!<<:<>|)c> liav«.* tlic ii|i|K>iininceli<liowii in 1]^. 1 I'liitt- VI) ot' 

 snuill 8|ilicricul or oval ccllii, liavin<^ a ion^^cr diainvter ofaliout oiioOiuinla'dtii of 

 u inilliinetiv, ami freqiionlly witli sniall btilibk* in tin- ititcTior. Tlicy jjrow liy 

 a |iriici>t4! of liiiililin;;. tliut is, a !<tiiall |)r<iliilK-mni'(> fcirniH at llic hide <if a fidl 

 •^niwn cell, ^radii;illy U'loiniii;; lar;;er, and when it has attained thu »izu ol the 

 firtit cell, it hreakfs »way, and then aetit on it« own noconnt In thu fcnncntutiun 

 of Kvr the inoRt important »iKxiüs of alcoholic fcnnent in the one junt alluded 

 to, SaccliuroinyccK cerevisiie. 



In the niiinut'ai-tinu of wine no feinu-nt in din'ctly ivldud t4> the nlll^t, hut it 

 has lieen found that ;;erni8 of the alcoholic ferment« which RnhMijueDtly f;n>w 

 ami ]irodnce the wine adhere to the ontRidi^ of the hkin and stalks of the 

 Hra]K! and in that way enter the liquid when the ;ira|ic» are cninlHil. The 

 cnnimun ferment iif wine is Saccharonivces ellipsoideiiii, hut other 8|>ccieH am iiIho 

 found, such a? S jta.storianufi, S, exij^uni«, S. conglotneralnr, and CariMaynin 

 npicnlntimi The following an» the avt^ra«?' diinonHions of these yfiociei«: — 



Iaiuk iliniiioltT Sliurt ihanictor 



Siurcharomyws ellijisoi lens O.OOfi mm. ().(K)4-O00.*> in in 



„ riustorianus fWG „ ,. variable 



exignus U03 „ „ .<X)-2.'< ni in. 



conglomer.itit«.. .IXHj .. .. 



,, mycodenna (XJG ,, „ •nMiiiiii. 



('ar|Hi/.yiiia a|iicnlatwin OOf» ,, „ .iKKi ,, ,, 



The ferment of U;cr. therefon-, is inneh lap,^<'r than any of llaite »|KfcieK, and 

 although the full-j;rown s|ie(imeiis vary a little in siw, they never fall lielow 

 0.0U8 mm. in diameter. M. rnsteiir haf, however, 8hown that under certain 

 condition!: S. riustnrianus may iissume very ililTerent forms and sizi*. 



I'esides these Fpecial alcoholic (eriiH'iits there are other forms of fniij^i which 

 are Ciipable of yielding; alcoliol when they an' cnuxed to j;row (siibmerf^e«! in a 

 saccharine sfdntion. Snch are esp<'cially thc! Mncor innce<lo and the Miictir 

 ncemosus whii-h have l>een examiruil by Kit/.. They however, never yield u 

 liquid coiiUiiuin;^ more than from 2 to 4 per cent, of alcohol. 



licfure considerinir the natiirt* and oiimn of the ferment which is found in 

 sike-brewerii-s, it will W- convenient to descriU; the microscopic npficamnct* 

 prcs<.'nted by the ma.-ili at tin- ]H'riods at which thechemicnl analy«4*d«i«cril»c»l in 

 the last section were made. 



(Jn tlie ßntt mid second days after ini.xin-; no ap|H*amiice)< of any i>|Kn-ial 

 ititeri-at were to lie oliserved, but o'l «h- third «lav. tojiethcr with fni^jinenli of 

 broken invcelinm fillc<l with yrannlati.iiis, isolated cells of ferment were to U- 

 s<fn it>< R'pivseiiled in liu'ure I I'Lile VI I ; the larjj;est of thew wen- only 0.()(»7.') 

 millimetie in diameter The teni|ieratim- of the iniwh it tlut time was IS^C , 



