128 GEOGRAPHIC MISCELLANEA 



tically revise the entire edition of coast charts, making them now about equal 

 in value to those which wouM have resulted from a new survey. South of Bay 

 Head the material changes are not great ; but north of this point, where the 

 details are too intricate for tiie methods pursued, a plane-table survey is recom- 

 mended for areas beyond the local maps. Many changes were noticed in the 

 inlets, and they take place so rapidly that a good channel one year may become 

 a mud flat, bare at low tide, the next. These conditions are particularly noti( e- 

 able at Absecon and Egg Harbor inlets. Where regular lines of steamers trav- 

 erse the waters just inside the entrance, the steamboat com]>anies find it neces- 

 sary to locate tlie channel after nearly every heavy storm. The bars at the 

 mouths of the inlets are all very shoal, few having more than three or four feet 

 of water at low tide. 



At the Sixth International Geographical Congress in 1895 the Geographical 

 Society of Finland exhibited a number of charts and maps planned to repre- 

 sent the country and general condition of the people, many of the charts having 

 been especially prepared for the occasion. Encouraged by the favorable recep- 

 tion accorded the maps, the society decided to add to the series and to publish 

 the whole as an atlas of Finland. This atlas, which has recently been completed, 

 contains a series of 32 large maps, from which an excellent comprehension of 

 the present physical, economic, and social conditions of Finland may be ob- 

 tained. The following charts are especially valuable: A series of six meteoro- 

 logical charts showing the amount of rainfall and snowfall a year, the average 

 temperature, the direction of winds, etc. ; a series of five charts showing the 

 proportion of rural and city population, the population by professions, whether 

 of native or foreign origin, etc., and charts giving statistics of farm jtroducts, of 

 metals, of exports and imports, of telegraphs and telephones, railways, etc. 

 Perhaps the most striking chart is that which shows tl)at more than 70 per 

 cent of the population is not represented in the Diet, the National Assembly. 



A RKCEST number of Petennann's M'dleilungen contains an interesting article, 

 which by means of a two-colored map shows very clearly the proportions of the 

 agricultural and industrial population of the German Empire. Green, which 

 repre.-^ents the agricultural sections, is the prevailing color in all i)arts of the 

 empire except in Saxony ami along the basin of the Rhine, where red, repre- 

 senting the industrial sections, predominates; in otiier words, the eastern part 

 of the empire is agricultural, while a considerable part of the western section is 

 industrial and commercial in its interests. As a consequence of the insufficient 

 means of communication between the two sections, the articles manufactured 

 in the east find abroa<r a more accessible market than in the western section; 

 but the agricultural interests of the west, being handicapped by lack of outlet 

 to the rest of the emi>ire on the east and prohibited by excessive foreign duties 

 from semi ing their produce to Russia and .Austria, are in danger of being de- 

 stroyed ; hence the scheme for a canal through the center of Germany, which 

 is at present before tiie Reichstag and which has been j)ersonally advocated by 

 the Emperor. The map shows that, while German commerce has developed 

 within the last few years to such an extent as to arouse the anxiety of England, 

 it is yet far from equaling the agricultural interests of the empire. 



