THE U. S. SIGNAL CORPS IN PORTO RICO 



Through the courtesy of General A. W. Greely, Chief Signal Officer, 

 U. S. Army, the National Geographic Magazine is enabled to pub- 

 lish the accompanying outline map of Porto Rico, prepared by Major 

 W. A. Glassford, Signal Officer, Department of Porto Rico. This map 

 shows existing railroads, ports of entry, and the telegraphic, tele- 

 })lionic, and heliographic systems of communication operated by the 

 Signal Corps of the Army. 



RUSSIAN RAILWAYS 



The phenomenal growth of Russia in industry and trade during 

 the last ten years is in large measure due to the gradual reorganiza- 

 tion and rapid extension of her railway lines. Until 1889 the gov- 

 ernment was compelled yearly to meet a heavy loss on all rail- 

 ways which it had guaranteed, but gradually separate roads have 

 been purchased, agreements have been made with a few larger com- 

 ])anies, and new lines have been constructed by the government itself. 

 As a result 60 per cent of Russian railways are now entirely in the 

 hands of the state, and instead of showing a heavy deficit, yield a 

 surplus. During 1899, 75,710,000 passengers were carried on Russian 

 roads, which, with only a few gaps, run from the White to the Black 

 Sea, and from the Baltic to the Yellow Sea. The rates of fare on 

 Russian lines are the lowest in the world. 



Dr H. S. Pritchett, who will assume the presidency of the 

 Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the fall, will be succeeded 

 as Superintendent of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey by Mr 

 0. H. Tittmann. No man in the United States is better (juallHed by 

 experience and ability than Mr Tittmann to Ixi the head of this im- 

 portant .scientific bureau. He entered the service in .18()7, when a 

 l)<)y of seventeen, and has gradually' won his way from the lowest to 

 th<; high(!st grade. 



