440 NOTES ON THE MUELLER GLACIER, NEW ZEALAND, 



down on the main glacier the direction varies from E.S.E. to 

 S.E., which is the direction in which the glacier is flowing. In 

 one case, on the north side of the lower glacier, I found a dip of 

 65° S.W., but my observations were not sufficiently numerous to 

 justify any generalisation on the subject. The blue bands are 

 irregular, and vary from ^ to 1 inch in thickness, but perhaps 

 some may be thicker. They do not stand out above the whi*e 

 ice, but both kinds melt with equal facility. 



At the terminal face there are two systems of laminations 

 crossing one another at angles of from 15° to 20° (see fig. 6). In 

 one system the blue bands are small, from ^ to 1 inch in 

 thickness, and irregular sometimes anastomosing, and divided by 

 bands of white ice from 1 to Ij inches in thickness. This system 

 resembles the laminated structure higher up the glacier. The 

 second system is formed by larger blue bands, from .3 to 6 inches 

 in thickness and from 2 to 6 or more feet apart ; but they are only 

 occasionally developed. The strike of both is the same and vaiies 

 from E. to S.E., that is parallel to the length of the glacier, but 

 the smaller system forms a well-marked synclinal curve in the 

 terminal ice clifis (see fig. 5). The ice here contains, in places, 

 small nests of mud and numerous angular stones scattered 

 irregularly through the ice, and these always have their long axes 

 parallel to the smaller .systems of laminations. These stones have 

 no doubt entered the ice from the latei'al moraine or through the 

 numerous moulins that are found higher up, or have fallen down 

 crevasses. At first they must have been irregularly oriented, but 

 the movements of the ice have scattered them and their present 

 parallelism to the smaller system of laminations is a decisive proof 

 that that system is due to pressure at right angles to the structure, 

 and furnishes another analogy between the veined structure of 

 glacier ice and the slaty cleavage of rocks. That the ice does not 

 split like a rock is no doubt due to regelation. At first sight it 

 might be thought that the flowing of the ice down the valley would 

 by itself be sufficient to place the rock fragments parallel to its 

 line of flow ; but a little consideration will show that, in order to 

 do this, the ice must flow past the stones, that is must move faster 



