BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS, 559 



ranges "without exception have been formed by lava streams, or 

 ash deposits from the volcanoes. They radiate out here like the 

 spokes of a wheel from the two main craters. There are, however, 

 two exceptions. One is the south-east peninsula forming the 

 western coast-line of the strait of Bali. This is an independent 

 volcanic mountain system. The northern point of the eastern end 

 of Java is another extinct crater named Mount Baluran, about 

 4,000 feet high. 



In consequence of these ridges dependent upon Mounts Ijen 

 and Rawun, there is very little level agricultural land north of 

 Banjuwangi. To the south, however, there is a moderate quantity 

 of most excellent quality on the alluvial banks of the rivers 

 Tambong, Batih, Bomo, and Kebaman. In this agricultural 

 area, which may include 100 square miles or more, there is the 

 town Rogo Jampi and about a dozen villages or campongs. 



One excellent mail-post road has been made through all the 

 district now referred to, extending nearly 20 miles south of 

 Banjuwangi, as far as the river Stall and the village Kradenan, 

 almost at the south-east extremity of Java. 



After a short stay at Banjuwangi I started in a horse convey- 

 ance for Besuki, a distance of 87 miles. This town lies due 

 north-west of Banjuwangi, and is distant about 50 miles, but the 

 road goes along the coast, first north and then west. In the first 

 part of the journey the I'oad follows the sea-shore for about 10 

 miles, being often hemmed in on the west by precipitous escarp- 

 ments of basaltic rock. The following villages were passed : — 

 Sukawidi, Ketapang, Watu Dodol, Sumur, Wongsorejo, and 

 Bajul Mati. Sumur is a female convict depot, where we saw 

 female prisoners employed in making tiles and bricks. I should 

 mention that the whole of the Banjuwangi district is used as a 

 kind of place of exile for female prisoners from other ])arts of 

 Java. Wongsorejo is a very remarkable Javanese village, with 

 bamboo dovecots suspended in mid-air in the most picturesque 

 fashion. Bajul Mati is built on the banks of the river of that 

 name. It is the boundary between the provinces of Banjuwangi 



