560 GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES IN MALAYSIA AND ASIA, 



and Besuki, formerly separate kingdoms. Here there is a govern- 

 ment bungalow, and the traveller can be provided with rest and 

 refreshment by the chief of the village. The country around 

 abounds with game, especially deer, wild-boars, and pheasants. 

 Travellers are waited upon by villagers summoned by the chief 

 of the village, who provides them with evei-ything necessary at a 

 regulated tariff. This interesting locality with iis people would 

 well deserve a more lengthened description, but in this essay space 

 renders it necessary to confine details to physical geography, 

 geology, and natural history. 



The government road between Banjuwangi and Bajul Mati is, 

 as already stated, along the sea coast, deviating very slightly to 

 the west of north. But after crossing the river it turns to the 

 north-west to skirt round the small volcano which lies due north, 

 and forms the promontory of Cape Sedano, the north-easterly end 

 of eastern Java. This is Mount Baluran, an extinct crater 4,100 

 feet above the level of the sea. It is a long horse-shoe-shaped 

 crater, deusely clothed with jungle, open to the norlh-easlern side, 

 and giving an outlet to a narrow stream about 5 miles long, 

 which takes its origin in the inside slopes. With regard to this 

 crater, I could not obtain any information as to its recent 

 activity or otherwise. The Dutch can only be said to have 

 settled iu this part of the country since the commencement of 

 this century, during which time Mount Baluran has not given 

 the slightest signs of disturbance. 



Mount Baluran. — Our road now lay across the rugged slopes 

 of ash and lava streams between Mount Ijen and Mount Baluran. 

 The distance to the neat village named Sumber Warn is 15 miles. 

 The road is not made : there is in fact no more than an open 

 track without boundaries or hedges, covered with a scanty 

 vegetation on the barren stony ridges of teak, Tectona grandis, 

 L. f. ; Acacia farnesiana, Willd. ; Lantana camara, L. ; and 

 large trees of Borassus Jiahelliformis, L. ; and this is the vegeta- 

 tion on the stony volcanic soils throughout the Indian Archi- 

 pelago and the Philippine Islands. This barren region is 



