BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 561 



absolutely nniuhabited except by wild beasts ; and that can be 

 said of very few portions of Java. There are no signs of human 

 occupation in all the tract. 



The village of Sumber Warn lies outside the north-western 

 lava slopes of Mount (or Gunong) Baluran. It is situated on a 

 small stream which comes from the slopes of Moui^t Ijen, but 

 though the name is not marked on the Dutch maps, it is probably 

 Sumber. The country around the village is exceedingly pictur- 

 esque, with a dense shade from tamarind, angin (^Pterocarpus), and 

 red sandal -wood trees (^Adenanthera pavonitia, L.). After crossing 

 the river Sumber, the road is again a government road, carefully 

 made and planted with tamarind trees, making a dense shade. 

 At about four miles the river Banju Pait (bitter waters) is crossed. 

 This is a remarkable stream coming directly from the very crater 

 of Mount Ijen, and being strongly impregnated with its sulphurous 

 acid and other mineral constituents. The stream is about 30 

 miles long, including windings. Its sources are about 10,000 feet 

 above the sea-level, coming from within the walls of the immense 

 crater, and running along their inner edge for seven or eight 

 miles. This curious river and its one small tributary, also within 

 the crater, are well woi'th a visit, and a cai^eful investigation of 

 the chemical qualities of the waters. I am not aware that any 

 traveller has called attention to them. 



After crossing the river the road leaves the slopes of the 

 volcano just mentioned and proceeds in a W.IST.W. direction along 

 the sea coast. The country improves and is a wide, level and very 

 fertile plain about 160 square miles in extent. The view from the 

 shady grove of tamarind trees forming the road, is very pictur- 

 esque ; to the north is the sea; on our left was Mount Ijen about 

 16 miles distant in a straight line ; behind us was Mount Baluran ; 

 while in front, to the west was Mount Bingit, a rugged extinct 

 volcano to be described presently, some 4,095 feet above the level 

 of the sea. The plain is of the richest description, being formed 

 by alluvium brought down by the rains from the slopes of the 

 different volcanoes, and is carefully cultivated, being covered with 

 farms and a dense population. At 6^ miles Assembagus is reached; 



