564 GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES IN MALAYSIA AND ASIA, 



that the name Ringit means a puppet, such as is used at the 

 wayongs or scenic representations of the Javanese. 



About Gunong Jang I can give no information, for I believe 

 there are no records amongst the Javanese historians. From the 

 crater a river (Kali Jolumany) takes its rise, flowing for about 7 

 mile.s along the western wall, then having a course of 14 to 

 Besuki, where it enters into the sea. The appearance of the 

 lavas is not so recent as that of the other mountains. 



This, then, in the physical geography of the eastern end of 

 Java, which extends as a peninsula almost east and west nearly 

 100 miles long, with an average width of about 45 miles. There 

 is no mountain range, but four craters at the north-eastern 

 extremity, forming a rough quadrilateral. The highest is Mount 

 Jang, but Ijen, though only slightly lower, is of wider extent. 

 The latter mountain is decidedly the one to which the elevation 

 of eastern Java above the sea is mainly owing. Its lava streams 

 and tufa deposits in fact foi'm the extreme eastern end of the 

 island. Mounts Baluran and Ringit, though wide in their 

 craters, are much lower, and have not given rise to any extensive 

 lava streams or tufaceous deposits. 



The town of Besuki is a seaport of some importance, being 

 visited by many British and American ships for sugar, indigo, 

 coffee, tea, and pepper. Like all the inland towns of Java, its 

 streets may be said to be a series of gardens, and, though very 

 wide and open, are beautifully shaded with lofty fruit trees of 

 tamarind, bread-fruit, jack-fruit, mangoes, &c. A few days at 

 Besuki are well spent in looking around. The sugar plantations 

 are large, with some fine plants for crushing and so forth. 



Probolingo. — Continuing westward from Besuki the govern- 

 ment road keeps to the coast-line, passing through a number of 

 important campongs in the following succession : — Banju Anget, 

 Binor, Matikan, Paiton, Randumelah, Jabung, Kraksan, Pajera- 

 kan, Pranti, Gending, Dringu, and Probolingo. The last-named 

 is a very important seaport with a large population, deriving its 



