566 GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES IN MALAYSIA AND ASIA, 



Twenty-five miles further along the coast brings one to another 

 important seaport named Pasuruan, the centre of a new province 

 of the same title, which is derived from the Madurese name for 

 the Betel pepper. The boundary between the two provinces 

 occurs about half-way between the two towns, at a somewhat 

 large village name Mladten. The new province extends also from 

 sea to sea, with an area of about 1,800 square miles. The boun- 

 dary may be said to follow to some extent the elevated region 

 formed by Mounts Tengger and Semeru, which lie in about the 

 centre of a line drawn from north to' south of the island. These 

 two volcanoes are the centime of elevation of this portion of Java. 

 There is no other mountain hereabouts, or Vjetween these volcanoes 

 and Mounts Jang and Ringit to the eastward, except Mount 

 Lamongan, a small crater 4,150 feet above the level of the sea. 



Mount Tengger with the active crater of Brorao is 7,200 feet 

 above the level of the sea and Mount Semeru 12,500 feet. No 

 two volcanoes in this part of the island have served to modify the 

 land to such an extent as these two, which may be considered 

 almost as oue. As they are both favorite resorts for travellers 

 some short description will be interesting. 



Tengger. — Mount Tengger may be considered as a subsidiary 

 crater belonging to Semeru, and has covered the country around 

 with ash deposits. There is not much lava visible, and indeed 

 this may be said of most of the volcanoes in Java. Near the 

 summit of the mountain, but not at its highest point, there is a 

 large ancient crater called the Sand-Zee by the Dutch, and Dasar 

 (floor) by the natives. The Sand-Zee is described by Dr. Hors- 

 field as being by far the lai-gest crater in the island, and probably 

 the largest in the world ; but this is quite incorrect. It is not half 

 the size of the craters of Mounts Jang and Ringit, and probably 

 not a third of that of the amphitheatre of Mount Ijen. It is the 

 most accessible of any ; in fact it may be said to be the only 

 accessible crater in this part of the island. There are many 

 roads by which it may be approached, either from Probolingo, 

 Pasuruan, or Malang, to be mentioned presently, are the usual 



