BY THE REV. J. E. TENISON-WOODS. 583 



molten condition. These ejectamenta covered the country around 

 for a great distance, carrying great destruction to life and pro- 

 perty. Previous to the disturbance the volcano had been so very 

 quiet that agriculture and settlement had gradually extended up 

 its slopes, and a numerous population was established around. It 

 is supposed that over 40 villages were completely destroyed by the 

 catastrophe. Some of these utterly disappeared by being swallowed 

 up, while the rest were in a great measure covered over by the 

 asljes, cinders and fiery rain. About three thousand people 

 perished, besides cattle, live stock and large and valuable crops of 

 cotton, indigo, Betel-pepper and coffee.* Altogether the eruption 

 was a terribly destructive one, but nothing in comparison with 

 that of Krakatoa in 1883. 



CRA^v^ANG. — The northern river, which takes its rise from this 

 volcano, enters into the sea as the Riam Battam on the extreme 

 eastern end of a wide prolongation of the north coast, beginning 

 at Cheribon, aiid extending westwards to Batavia. The whole of 

 this area is watered by at least tea rivers of various sizes, and 

 gives rise to a large tract of alluvial marshy land of great rich- 

 ness, which forms the province of Crawang, 1538 square miles in 

 extent. The low-lying lands are rich, but rather too marshy to 

 be thickly populated, or at least so thickly as other districts in 

 Java. The largest river, the Ji-Tarun, is the most westerly, and 

 enters into the sea through an extensive delta on the east side of 

 Batavia Bay. 



Bantam. — The rest of the westei'n end of Java comprises the 

 kingdom of Bantam, and its physical description is as follows : — 

 The whole southern side of the island is composed of high volcanic 

 ranges, dependent upon numerous cones which have been ancient 

 points of eruption. Tlie culminating point is Mount Halimun, an 

 active crater about 5,300 feet above the sea. This is connected 



* "Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie. Vt. I., 1873, 

 p. 114. Also, " Transactiousof the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences.' 

 Vol. IX., where there is an account of the eruption by Dr. Horsfield. 



