41 



haps it has mixed with West Greenlanders from the south. The 

 traces that have been found of Eskimo migrations do not lie far 

 apart along the northernmost coasts on both sides of the land. 



Many traces, also of permanent settlement, have been found 

 in Grinnell Land and Grant Land, which are separated from 

 the northernmost part of Greenland only by the narrow Kennedy 

 and Robeson Channels. Greely found remains of houses at 

 about 81°45'N. lat. at Lake Hazen and Ruggles River*). Nares 

 found traces of a large Eskimo settlement at Radmore Harbour 

 in Rawlings Bay (80^^ 15' N. lat.), and traces of tent-places much 

 farther north, likewise a large wooden sledge and a stone lamp 

 only a few miles south of 82° N. lat. "Northwards from Cape 

 Beechey no trace of man was discovered"**). 



On the Greenland side just opposite to these points, the 

 American North Pole expedition (1871 — 1873) found many traces 

 of wandering Eskimo, for instance tent-places at Thank God 

 Harbour in Polaris Kay (81° 30') and traces of permanent habi- 

 tation on Otriey Islands in the northern part of Petermann's 

 Fjord***). This is about four degrees north of the northern- 

 most settlement on the west coast (Whale Sound), and it lies 

 north of Humboldt's Glacier, which by the Ita-Eskimo is con- 

 sidered impassible. 



On the east coast of Greenland, the northernmost tent- 

 places which have hitherto been found lie on the south side 

 of Cape Ritter, slightly north of 76° N. lat. Large numbers of 

 such places have been found on the southern point of Shannon 

 Island (76°— 75° 30'), which testifies to the fact that the island 

 has been visited every summer through a long period of years. 

 That there have been permanent settlements too in these parts 



•) Greely: Three \ears of Arctic Service 1881 — 1884 (London 1886) Vol. I, 

 pp. .379 -.38.3, 406. 

 *•) Nares: Voyage to the Polar Sea 187.''j— 1876 (London 187S) Vol. II, pp. 146 



— 149 and pp. 187—191 (H. W. Feilden). 

 *•*) Besseis: Die amerikanische Nordpolexpedition (Leipzig 1879) pp. 136,280. 



