when a long consonant in a word has originated from two 

 short ones, of which one was a voiced sound and none was 

 nasalized, the long one has either become voiced and nasalized 

 {(rp-qx q'> a.^îl-d- q, yes is said) or unvoiced and aspirated 

 (iw/-it-lo'> iwÅ'iX'o, and you; cf. unalo, and he). 



§ 6. Here already at the rear entrance to the mouth- 

 passage is the place where the first group of Greenlandic 

 consonants are produced. The Greenlander forms some of 

 the most typical sounds of his language by means of the soft 

 palate, the uvula and the root of the tongue, the same organs 

 which produce the unpleasant sounds of snoring and hawking. 

 When these inmost parts of the mouth meet and are firmly 

 pressed against each other, the root of the tongue being shoved 

 back and up, there is formed the articulation closure for that 

 peculiar uvular tenuis (explosive) which again and again occurs 

 in the language, and which in ordinary Greenlandic literature 

 is indicated by a special letter : к , in phonetical works by the 

 sign: q (analph. ^О''^ 



AU the inner part of the mouth-passage is drawn back and 

 up toward the back of the fauces, whereby the space in that part 

 of the mouth seems to become larger. When the root of the 

 tongue is shoved back for the closure, the whole tongue is 

 thereby drawn back, and its upper surface, with the exception 

 of the very point, is apt to become concave or shovel-formed 

 with the middle part lowered. When the stop is broken by the 

 force of the outgoing air, there is heard a short, creaking or 

 rattling sound, which seems to proceed from as great a depth 

 in the mouth-passage as a consonant-sound ever can come. It 

 seems to be entirely destitute of sonority, and is most like the 

 noise made by two stones that are suddenly scraped against 

 each other. As soon as the outgoing air iias broken its way, 

 the muscles are relaxed and the soft palate, the uvula, and the 



