95 



[a"'p-aR3L'vtoq] for [a'J^'ah-rtdq]^ 



[äii-kdRSL-rtut] for [mi'kdiai-rttit] or [ütiikakvrtut\''' 



[siTiaROi-q] (Ik.) for [siriah-q]^ 



[it-ORa-rtoq] (Omnq.) for [it-ola.'rtdq\ * 



§ 11. The lip-consonants [m p iv (p\. 



The Ups show great repose both in the formation of vowels 

 and consonants. They are seldom much rounded, or pouted, 

 or pressed back against the teeth. 



The Greenlandic lip-consonants are all bilabial. 



Even when at rest, the lips are frequently to be seen 

 slightly open so that the teeth shine out between them. This 

 seems to be most usual among the unmixed Greenlanders, whose 

 lips are generally thicker than those of the half-breeds. 



When the lips are opened or closed by the movement of 

 the lower jaw, it is impossible to see any change in their form, 

 and even when contraction is necessary for the formation of a 

 rounded consonant or some other specially modified lip-consonant, 

 the lip muscles are not very firmly tightened ; not even for 

 the sake of emphasizing interjections, is there any appreciable 

 movement in them. 



The Greenlandic lip-sounds, then, with the exception of 

 the stopped consonants, may be said to be very loosely formed. 

 Sometimes they appear to be, so to speak, mere approaches to 

 lip-articulations, which in reality are scarcely distinct enough 

 to be called independent sounds. This is especially the case 

 in the sound-combination vowel -\- w -{- consonant, where the 

 t«;-sound is but seldom able to separate the vowel from the 

 consonant. In order to indicate these lip-positions I place a 

 и (0, 0) or w as an exponent after the vowel. The Greenlander 



' red ■•' a (kind of) game ' a layer of smootli ice formed on lop of old 

 ice * it is roaring (the water, the fire). 



