325 



chromatically falling tone, of some gulls as f5«J'a'?J or [^«y'a"'] 

 with wide opening of the lips, and voiced. 



The ptarmigan (aqis- eq). 



The she -ptarmigan (aqis-eq aniawiaq), when she calls 

 her young: \'c" \ ^f\ with a singing or screeching falsetto voice, 

 beginning with a glottal stop and then chromatically falling to 

 the pause (here indicated with a stroke | ). — Also short ['ê 'ë\ 

 with nasalization. 



The he-ptarmigan {aqis-eq ariutiwiaq) : [Vr-"' | '"«"'J 

 |^«y^ ^«fP glottal friction throughout, beginning and ending with 

 the stop; so the sound is neither whispered nor voiced (in the 

 usual sense of the word), but is in reality a guttural sound 

 produced in the larynx. The lips wide open, the point of the 

 tongue at rest a little above the lower teeth. It is a sound 

 which is otherwise quite foreign to the Greenlandic language. 



The young ptarmigan {a qis' ip piarcr): t (whistle) t (whistle) 

 t (whistle) ^J^*f ^b *1 ^ h *7 i. e. 3 times a short, falling whistle 

 (from A to G), which begins each time with the point of the 

 tongue striking against the back side of the upper front teeth, 

 and whose close each time seems to be accompanied by a glottal 

 stop. The vv'hole combination of course voiceless. 



Kitt i wake or three-toed gull (ta't^era'q, plur. ta't^eni'H, 

 larus tridactylus) : [tukaf/^e-q takc^'e'q qrq] ГГ Г* «7 fj ^' I \ 

 with a high falsetto voice. 



The seal, especially the common seal (phoca foetida), is 

 decoyed in several ways, of which the most characteristic can 

 scarcely be reproduced by sound-symbols; it may perhaps 

 approximately be given as [^аэо*] or [ç^ooo"], uvularizcd and 

 voiceless throughout; first large, rounded lip-opening, which 

 is gradually drawn together as if for a closed ; the tongue is 

 strongly pressed together against the background of the mouth. 

 The sound is produced by the violent expulsion of the breath, 



