Meddeleher от вгвп\апа XXXI. 



List of Consonants and Vowels 



uvular stopped consonant, 

 stopped consonants, closely re- 

 sembling the corresponding 

 consonants in French: côte, 

 ton, pas, — before a almost 

 like unvoiced g, d, b. 

 uvular nasal consonant, i 



back nasal 



, . , I voiced 



front nasal 



lip nasal I 



uvular fricative, the point of the 



tongue passive 

 cf. Danish: bage (g fricative) 

 cf. English: you 

 cf. French: lui 

 bilabial , without protruded lips 



strongly aspirated frica- 

 tives which correspond [ unvoiced 



to r q I w 



Danish v and f (somewhat more 

 loosely articulated than in EnglishI 

 occur occasionally 



s point and blade s {ts, rs)\ 



front s, aspirated 



(rare) 



unvoiced 



'I cf. French Arne 



'( the same slightly advanced 



ä the same greatly advancL'd 



M 



à J Hvularized «, d, ä 



cf. French été, in Greenl. higher 

 Э mixed e (v. § 14) 



uvularized e, ä-like 

 uvularized e, e-like 

 uvularized e, o'-like 



cf. French dire, fini 

 between e and i 

 ? mid-tongue (' 



cf. French tout, lour 



cf. French lu, in Greenl. more mixed 



between о and j/ 



( advanced и 



cf. French rose, in Greenl. more 



closed 

 uvularized о strongly closed 

 uvularized open о 



! advanced э (somewhat 6-like) 



one dot over a vowel indicates that it is slightly 



advanced 

 two dots over a vowel Indicates that it is greatly 



advanced [г retired) 



, slight degree of nasalization : q § 



strong degree of nasalization : r j 5 5 

 • quantity: a- long, a. half long, «•• very long, a short 



I stress: 'a relatively strong stress, i« relatively weaker stress, "« very strong 

 stress, a weak stress 



!• S 1 



1 pitch: a low pitch, a medium pilch, a high pilch (relatively determined) 



glottal stop 

 () enclose the phonetically transcribed words; less delicately shaded transcrip- 

 tions are given without brackets. 



The Analphabetical System 



cording to 0. Jespersen: The Articulations of Speech Sounds, Marburg 1889, 

 s modilied in the same auliior's Fnnelik. Copenhagen 1897— !)B (Lehrliuch der Phonetik 19041. 

 The ligmc in the mairj according to F. Techmer. 



li'h-c miti'irnosl, middle and inner- 

 most position of the lips 



Л the lower edge of the uppei' I'mnI 

 leelb 



с the upper edge of ihe upper front 

 teeth 



/' the gum larch-rim) 



h the highest point of the palate 



к the uvula 



1 the back nf the phauces 



The organs nf arUculation are: 

 a lips: «U lip closure «I groove las in "■) ui, :,, 7 rounded vowel- 



positions of lips 

 a2 silt (bilabial v) ai. 6, 8 unrounded vowel- 

 positions, of lips 

 /? point of the tongue: ßO closure against ß\ groove (as in .«) 



the teeth or just ßi slit (Eng. th| ßl side opening (/I 



behind them 

 y surface of Ihe tongue: yO closure against y\ groove (Eng. shl yi, Ъ. 7 narrow vowels 

 the palate >-2 slit (i/ in Eng. you) yi, 6, 8 wide vowels 



(Î soft palate rfo closure of the soft (Я slight nasalizaUon /Si normal nasalization 



palate against о^З strong nasalization 



the back of the (French) 



phauces 

 £ vocal chord,**: eO closure si voice position г2 position for [k] etc. 



£3 breath [/] etc. 



^ lungs: CO pause CI weak stress, C4 strong stress, C2 and C3 two 



degrees of medium stress. 



With respect to the employment of the system, notice : 

 aß Y uneven numbers = groove-like articulations; even numbers = slit-like arli- 



culalions; = closure 

 «I 2 (read: one, two) ^ lip position nearer 1 than 2 (i.e. rather narrow groove than 



slit). «4 2 (read: four, two) = lip position nearer 4 than 2 

 aO''" = lip closure nearer the point Ъ than с aO'" = lip closure nearer о than h 

 English \d\ analphabetically: /90' <Î0 eI, [t\: /90' åO s2, \n\: /90' 31 el 

 [i\ in French dire, fini = «4° уЪ« [и] in French tour, tout = «3» yi'> 



\u\ in English put = аЗ»" or 35°' yi' \o\ in French rose ~ «.5"' yb' 



If we let z stand for any exponent, the signs are thus employed : 

 ßaz = closure with the point of the tongue Itself Ifl 

 ßO^.= closure with the blade of the tongue (Д1'. = Eng. Ml 



уй^ = closure produced by that part of the surface of tongue which most naturally articulates against 

 the respective point of the palate, varying according to the dillerent exponents {y0^i'i = k etc.l 

 yOi. = closure produced by a part of the surface of the tongue lying a little farther back 



