230 



Plumtree bark 

 a fine Carme- 

 lite. 



Populus dilata- 

 ta a yellow. 



This owing to 

 tl\e lycopodi- 

 um. 



and composi- 

 tion enhances 

 the beauty. 



1,3'copoditrm 

 ^ith different 

 Jicheiis. 



Cotton f^yeJ 

 r/ich maho- 

 jjany. 



lichen parelliis 

 no qolour. 



Pine bark an 



excellent touic. 



— bread made 



iVom it. 



and fi(;m ho:;- 



ii.o.s, \\liirh 



foi:> tins much 



fiigar. 



DYE FROM LYCOPODIUM. 



The bark of the fresh branches of the plumbtree, taken off 

 9,fter the first frosts, has yielded a good dye of a fine carmelite 

 colour. That of the Italian poplar, populus dilatata, whether 

 fresh or dry, gives a permanent yellow both to wool and silk, 

 and deserves to be employed in the great. 



This advantage is certainly ov>ing to the preparation with 

 lycopodium ; for M. Dambourzey could obtain only a' false 

 colour of no permanence from the sanie bark used fresh. Yet 

 he employed as a mordant the nitro-muriatic solution of tin, 

 or composition, as it is called by the dyers ; an addition which 

 Dr, Westring has found to heighten the beauty of the dye. 



Wool prepared with lycopodium receives from the lichen. 

 Wcstringii a good dye of a fine -orange colour, mu^ superior 

 to that given by annotta. The same colour is obtainable with 

 the lichen cinereus ; and a fine bright yellow with the lichen 

 chtorinus. Jchart. If the wool thus dyed be afterwards dyed 

 with brasil, that which was prepared with the lichen Westnn- 

 git becomes a very deep blue-black; and that with the lichen 

 chlorinus of a fine green-black, or raven's-wing. With the lichen 

 vnlpinus the colour is of a fine lemon-yellow, which is changed 

 by the addition of brasil to a blueish-grccn. 



Dr. Westring says in his letter to M. Lasteyrie, that he has 

 prepared with the suretenia mahagoni, mahogau}', an aurora 

 dye for cotton. He adds, that, having made some experiments 

 with lichens sent by JNI. Lasteyrie from Auvcrgne, he found, 

 that the lichen parellus contained no colouring matter, and that 

 the red colour commonly ascribed to It was aftbrded by other 

 lichens. 



Dr. AVestring has found, that the bark of tlie pine tree 

 (Scotch fir?) is an excellent tonic : that it may be used' with 

 advantage in several convulsive diseases, even epilepsy ; and 

 that it may be substituted for the cinchona. 



This bark, as is well known, is nutritious, and the inhabi- 

 tants of the northern provinces of Sweden are sometimes oblig- 

 ed to make bread of it. 



Broad too has been made in Iceland with the sphagmm pa- 

 lustre, which is white, and said to be little inferior in taste to 

 common bread. A surgeon of Ulesborg has found a consider- 

 able quantity of saccharine matter in this species of moss. 



vni. 



