74 



BACON. 



constituents under the tonditions named, whereas another prepared in 

 the proportion of 1 kilo to 150 kilos of flowers gave 19 per cent. 



It follows from this that the distillation test is also of value both in 

 determining the quality of an oil and the proportion of flowers used in 

 preparing it. The only manner in which poor provincial oils may be 

 improved is by redistillation with steam, and this procedure results in 

 large losses. Fractioning with steam in vacuo also seems quite f)roni- 

 ising, although the process is very slow. Oils thus obtained are quite 

 colorless, and by taking suitable fractions a very fair oil may thus be 

 prepiared from a product which before treatment was almost unsalable. 



The following table illustrates the manner in which the very significant 

 constants of refractive index and ester number vary in the different frac- 

 tions. The numbers represent the successive fractions obtained at L.'s 

 distillery on the dates given : 



Table IV. — Successive fractions of ylany-ylang oil. 



No. 



April S 



, 1907. 



April 11, 1907. 



September 21, 1907. 



^30° 



Ester 

 number. 



Nf 



Ester 

 number. 



Specific 

 gravity. 



Nf 



1 

 Ester 

 number. 



1 



1.4878 



163 



1. 4777 



102 



0.927 



1.4888 



165 



2 



1.4908 



149 



1.4825 



185 



0.930 



1.4903 



167 



3 



■ 1.1970 



105 



1.4906 



119 



0.929 



1. 4945 



145 



4 



1.512 



88 



1. 4978 



91 



0.931 



1.5003 



105 



5 



1. 5050 



65 



1.4994 



83 



0.924 



1.5035 



86 



6 



1.5057 



68 



1.50 JO 



55 



0.929 



1.5029 



73 



7 



1. 5041 



58 



1.5068 



60 



0.933 



1. 5030 



61 



8 

 9 

 10 







1. 5083 



64 



0.940 



1.5034 

 1. 5023 

 1. 5000 



67 

 54 

 49 



























A double refiaed oil (twice distilled) from the same firm gave as fol- 

 lows for the first and second fractions : 



30° 



1. N^pr- = 1.4921 ; specific gravity^O.923; ester number^lOo. 



30° 



2. N^^ =1.4978; specific gravity=0.934; ester number=92. 



THE ADULTERATION OF YLANG-YLANG OIL. 



I do not believe that adulteration of ylang-ylang oil is very general 

 in the Philippines. The common adulterants are said to be alcohol, tur- 

 pentine, coconut or other fixed oils, and kerosene. Allien turpentine is 

 used as an adulterant, it is sprinkled over the flowers and then subjected 

 to distillation with the rest and when small quantities are thus used its 

 detection is exceedingly difficult, as pinene has been reported as a nor- 

 mal, lesser constituent of true ylang-ylang oil. The presence of ter- 



