206 COLE. 



passed. It returns for the layog, a ceremony made about six months or 

 a year after the death, and sometimes on other occasions. The halading 

 resembles a person, biit can not be seen and in Maglawa, he lives much 

 as he did on earth. For that life, he needs clothes, food and utensils, 

 and the family of the dead man never fail to put these in a box above 

 the grave. There is no idea of reward or punishment in the future 

 life; neither does the halading return to earth in any other form. The 

 dead are not worshiped, and aside from the one layog — described later — 

 no ceremonies or offerings are made after the funeral. 



Magic is Imown and practiced by many of tire people. Strange dances 

 and songs sung under a house can bring illness to its occupants. Some 

 ' article of clothing belonging to the victim is put ia a section of bamboo 

 and placed near the fire to give him fever. Any article just handled 

 by an enemy, or the dust of his foot prints when covered with poison, 

 will bring him sickness or death. The folk-tales abound with stories of 

 heroes "who could call on the power of their head-axes, shields, or betel- 

 nuts to transport them from place to place in an instant, to transform 

 them into birds and animals, and to bring dead men to life. Many 

 methods are used to detect a person practicing magic or doing wrong. 

 The most general is to place an egg on the edge of a bolo or split bamboo, 

 then ask the question. If the answer is "Yes," the egg will balance; 

 otherwise it will fall. The top of a jar or the peling belonging to a 

 medium is suspended by a cord and the question put: if the answer is 

 "Yes," the article will swing, otherwise it will remain quiet. 



BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES. * 



Children are much desired by the Tinggian, and every precaution 

 is taken to guard the child from evil spirits. About the time a birth is 

 expected, two or three mediums are summoned. A mat is placed in 

 the middle of the floor and the spirit offerings are placed on it. Near 

 the door a pig is tied and over this the mediums make deam. When 

 they have finished, one of them pours water in the pig's ear, "so that 

 as it shakes the water out, so may the evil spirits be thrown from the 

 room." An old man cuts open the body of the live pig and thrusting 

 in his hand he draws out the still palpitating heart which he gives to 

 the medium. With this she strokes the abdomen of the expectant woman, 

 so that the birth may be easy, and also as a protection against all 

 evil. The slaughtered animal is soon prepared for food and the friends 

 of the family eat and drink. When the meal is finished, the mediums 

 begin to call the spirits, several of whom will come. One of these anitos 

 acting for all the others makes gepas (the division) with an old man. 

 The medium who is now possessed by the spirit puts a blanket called 

 enalson over her shoulders; a head-ax is given to her and another to 

 the old man. A pig is brought in, and to its head and tail is tied a 



