218 



BEAN. 



eyes of all the lighter shades, namely, blue, gray, green, light brown or 

 hazel, and a mesocephaly characteristic of the English people. It is 

 present in 13 per cent of the boys and in 20 per cent of the girls. 



In addition to these, 15 Jews and 7 mulattoes were included in my 

 study at the University of Michigan. 



FEMININE TYPES. 



Although only 116 girls were measured, the types are so nearly like 

 those of the boys, with a reduction in height and an increase in cephalic 

 index, that a few words regarding sexual affiliations and diflEerenees may 

 not be out of place. 



One most striking residt of a comparison of boys and girls by type 

 is that the mean has a greater range of variation among the girls than 

 among the boys. The differences between the means of the types is- 

 greater for girls than for boys, except in height, where the boys have 

 greater variability. 



Table I. — Differences of type means. 



Sex. 



Weight. 



Height. 



Chest. 



Pig- 

 ment. 



Head. 



Ce- 

 phaUc 

 index. 



Brain 

 weight. 



Class 

 stand- 

 ing. 



Length. 



Breadth. 



Height. 



Girls 



18,2 

 10.7 



13.. 7 

 15.6 



10.0 

 3.8 



66.0 

 53.4 



1.6 

 0.7 



0.99 

 0.65 



0.60 

 0.41 



7.3 

 5.6 



100 

 59 



20.0 

 13.8 



Boys 





This may have a broad significance, especially when it is known that 

 the variability of the girls is in the direction toward the supposed pre- 

 cursor, the male tending toward a common mean, the female toward 

 the primary stock. This would reconcile the conflicting views of manj' 

 biologists with Pearson's school of biometricians, the first claiming 

 man to be more variable than woman, the second, the opposite. Pearson 

 and his followers have made observations by "random sampling" and, 

 working on the mean of such samples regardless of type or individual, 

 have necessarily overlooked that which a more detailed and intricate 

 study reveals. Variability is indeed greater in a "random sample" of 

 women than in one of men, but it may be true only because women 

 tend to remain true to the original type, while men vary toward a 

 common mean. If further research corroborates this conclusion, a factor 

 of prime importance is added to the principles of heredity. This 

 is one of the many indications of the postulate that heredity is a persist- 

 ance of type with modifications, and the modifications may be greater 

 among men who must become habituated to surroundings, while persist- 

 ance of type is more evident in women who are more or less shielded 

 and become modified more slowly. There seems to be a sexual difference 

 in intellect, the Iberian being the male leader and the Saxon the 

 female leader, while the Alpine is apparently not so vigorous as the 



