262 



SCHTJLTZE. 



with two fleshy, curved, hooked spines decreasing in size toward the anal 

 segment; seventh and eighth segments, each with two large, evenly 

 curved, pointed spines, and ninth segment with a forked pair of very 

 large and strong subanal spines. All spines, except the subanal, are 

 beset with numerous small tubercles which have short bristles. There are 

 also numerous, very small tubei'cles scattered over the body of the larva. 

 On the thoracic spines the base is black, but toward the apex light 

 brown, all other spines having the latter color. The stigmata are white, 

 their centers brown. The larva of this species (PI. I, figs. 3 and 4) 

 has the habit of placing its excrement in the form of very long, irregular 

 filaments upon the subanal spines, not forming a solid shield, as a whole, 

 but having the filaments arranged in such a shape or manner that the 

 mass appears like a black, fungous growth. The exuvise are entirely 

 covered so that only cephalic exuvia of the last molt are visible just 

 above the anus. The evaginating anus of P. sinuata Oliv. is longer 

 than that of any other of the six species described in this paper and it 

 is a most curious sight to see this apparatus in action. 



Ventrally, the cover or shield is somewhat smooth, modeled in such 

 a manner that it conforms to the dorsal outline of the body when 

 carried close to the latter. In this species as well as in the others which 

 I have observed, the larva, shortly before each molt, fastens itself with 

 a glue to the leaf so that it has a good hold when pupating. During the 

 period from the fourth molt to pupation, the larva puts most of its 

 excrement as a secondary lump on top of the old cover and as the ex- 

 crement disposed of in this way is not pasted on to the shield solidly, 

 it falls off when dry. 



LIFE HISTORY. 



Egg laid 

 Egg hatched 

 First molt 

 Second molt 



1907. 

 November 15 

 November 20 

 November 21 

 November 24 



Third molt 

 Fourth molt 

 Pupated 

 Adult emerged 



1907. 

 November 28 

 December 3 

 December 9 

 December 15 



The full-grown larva casts the exeremental shield about half a day 

 before pupating. Only the exuviaj of the fifth larval stage remain on the 

 last segment of the pupa. 



Pupa: The pupa of P. sinuata Oliv. (PL I, fig. 5) is very different 

 from that of any of the other genera of this family so far as is known 

 to me. The pronotmn is very short and very wide. It has two short 

 tubercles in front and four curved, fleshy, dull-pointed spiaes. The meso- 

 and metanotum are without spines. The abdominal spines of the larva 

 are changed in the pupal stage into flat, fleshy, somewhat curved and 

 spatulate hooks; those on the first and second abdominal segments are 

 very large and curve anteriorly; the others decrease in size and curve 



