VOLCANIC TUFF AS A CONSTRUCTION AND A 

 CEMENT MATERIAL. 



Bv Alvin- J. Cox. 



(From the Lahortory of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Bureau of Science, 



Manila, P. I.) 



In the Philippines the varieties of stone which are known to be good 

 for building and construction purposes are not very numerous. Moreover 

 it is unfortunate that those that exist are not conveniently located for use. 

 Since the first cost is the controlling factor in the purchase of materials 

 for construction, a very poor substitute must often be used. 



The metamorphic and igneous rocks, capable of resisting heavy strains 

 and weathering, which have been noted on many of the Islands of the 

 Philippines by the early explorers/ and by Becker,^ McCaskey and Ickis,^ 

 Eveland,* Smith," Ferguson " and others of recent time, embrace : 



A. Metamorphic : 



Breccias, gneisses, schists and serpentines. 



"^Mej'en and Itier, J.: Keise um die Erde (1835). 2, 2.37; Itier, J.: Bull. Soc. 

 geog. Paris, 3d. (1845), 5, 365 et seq.; Eoth, J.: F. Jagor's Eeisen in den 

 Philippinen, Berlin (1873). 344; Centeno, Jose: Memoria geologieo-minera de 

 las Islas Filipinas, Madrid (1876), 19; Von Drasciie, R. : Fragmente zu einer 

 Geologie der Inzel Luzon, Vienna (1878), 20 et seq.; Oebbeke: Neues Jahrbuch, 

 Beilage (1881), 1, 495-8; Renard, A. F.: In the Report of the Exploring Voyage 

 of H. M. S. Challenger, London (1889), 2, Ft. 4, 160-175; Abella, Enrique: El 

 Mayon, Madrid (1885) ; El monte Maquilin, Madrid (1885) ; La Isla de Biliran, 

 Madrid (1885) ; Rfipida descripcion fisica, geologica y minera de la Isla de Cebu 

 (1886), 96-101; Descripcion fisica, geologica y minera en bosquejo de la Isla de 

 Panay, Manila (1890), 97 et seq.; Manantiales minerales de Filipinas, Manila 

 (1893), 16, 18, 31, 75, 144, etc.; Terremotos experinientados en la Isla de Luzon, 

 etc., Manila (1893), 32 et seq.; etc. Dr. Becker gives a bibliograpliy of the 

 early books and papers on Philippine Geology, U. S. G. S. 21st Ann. Rep. (1902), 

 594. 



'Becker, G. F.: loe. eit., 561. 



^McCaskey, H. D. and Ickis, H. M. : Sixth Ann. Report of the Mining Bureau, 

 Manila (1905), 57. 



'Eveland, A. .J.: Bull. Min. Bur., Manila (1905), 4. 



"Smith, W. D.: Ibid., 5; This Journal (1906), 1, 203. 617, 1043; Ibid., Sec. 

 A., 2, 145, 253. 



'Ferguson, H. G.: This Journal, Sec. A. (1907), 2, 407. 



391 



