THE BENGUET IGOROTS. 



423 



in their mountain fastnesses, as in the case of an Ilocano, 168 centimeters in 

 height, who came to Atoc from Union Province at the age of 15 years, fought in 

 the war parties of the chiefs and was accepted as one of them for his continual 

 daring ana bravery. He is taller than the average Igorot, but not above the height 

 of three of those measured. The Spanish influence must be reckoned with because 

 the Spaniards have been in contact with the Igorots for at least fifty years ( ? ) , 

 although no individual measured showed any indication of the Spanish influence 

 in physical characters. A few tall men added to the Igorots from time to time 

 may have had a slight influence, but they could not have altered the average 

 height materially; furthermore the inaccessible parts have the tallest individuals, 

 and the Bontoc Igorots,- the most inaccessible and remote, are the tallest of the 

 Igorots. 



II. PROPORTION OF THE BODY PARTS. 



The measurements made on the living are necessarily more inaccurate 

 than those upon the skeleton, but with proper precautions and great 

 care they may be used as differential factors in the physical anthropology 

 of a people. 



UPPER EXTKEMITT. 

 {Extremitas superior.) 



The Igorots are essentially short-armed, although there are long-armed 

 individuals and the several groups show differences in the absolute length 

 as well as the relative length. The mean (absolute) length of the upper 

 extremity of 104 adult males is 67.82 centimeters, which is less than 

 that of any other related Malay peoples, except the Senoi group (30) in 

 the Malay Peninsula, and it is little less than that of the Japanese. The 

 length decreases progressively with locality and altitude from the high- 

 lands to the lowlands as may be illustrated by grouping to show the mode 

 and the extremes : 



Absolute length of upper extremity, in centimeters. 



Group, sex and age. 



40-49. 



50-54. 



55-59. 



60-64. 



65-69. 



70-74. 



75. 



Total. 













3 

 26 

 22 

 51 

 3 

 1 



9 



. 15 



7 



31 



2 

 2 



14 



16 



44 



104 



10 



19 



7 



5 











5 



12 



17 



. 5 



10 







1 



1 



2 

 2 

 2 

 7 

 2 







Women 





Boys, 12 to 15 



- 



1 

 4 



2 







Boys, 10 to 12 



1 

 3 







Boys, 10 and less 











1 







The range of variation judged by the difference between the extremes, and the 

 spread of the mode, is greater in the lowland than in the highland or Bontoc 

 groups, which indicates greater diversity of type in the loAvlands. Reasoning 

 from this premise, the conclusion is that Igorots from the lowlands are more 

 recently mixed than the people from the highlands or from Bontoc. 



The variation of the upper extremity as expressed by the difference between 



