THE BBNGUET IGOROTS. 425 



eupies a position midway between that of the Japanese and the South 

 American Indian. 



The relative upper arm length of the Highland Igorots, which is the 

 same as that of the European (19.8 centimeters) is as great as that of 

 an}' other people so far measured except the Sikh (20.1 centimeters) (33). 

 The relative hand length of the Bontoc is also the same as that of the 

 European, and the relative length of the entire upper extremity is but 

 a trifle less. That of the parts of the upper extremity and of the entire 

 upper extremity place the Bontoc Igorots nearer the European than are 

 the Highland or Lowland Igorots, and the Highland are nearer than the 

 Lowland. The hand of the Highland, and of the Lowland as well, is 

 unlike the European, Chinese, or negro, because it is relatively shorter. 

 It is the same as that of the Igorot women, but less than that of any 

 other people except the Senoi of Martin. 



The absolute and relative length of the entire upper extremity, and of each 

 of its parts is slightly less for the women than for any group of men. The 

 hands of the women and the men of the highland group, however, are exactly 

 the same in relative length. 



The ratio of the forearm to the upper arm, the so-called "brachial index," 

 is important to establish the relationship of the Igorots to other people. This 

 index is 76.2 for the adult male and 75.6 for the adult female Igorots. It is 

 76.9 for the Lowland, 75.2 for the Highland, and 75.1 for the Bontoc. The 

 brachial index is an additional differentiating factor for the Lowland Igorots, 

 placing them in the same class as the Senoi, while the highland and Bontoc 

 groups in this factor, as in so many others, are more like the European. The 

 brachial index of the living has been determined by many different methods, and 

 by so many different authors, that divergent results are reached on the same 

 people. For instance Sarasin found the index of the Veddahs to be 91.9, while 

 Martin determined it to be 73.8(32); Weisbaeh gives for Germans an index of 

 83.5 and Teumin for the Russian Jews one of 72. As Martin remarks there is 

 great need for a fundamental reform in the methods of measuring the living. 



The brachial index on the skeleton is greater than on the living, and is given 

 by Martin for Europeans as 72.5, for Negritos, 83, and for the Senoi, 78.9. On 

 the living, Martin gives the Senoi, 76.0 and the Blandas, 73.2, which again places 

 the Senoi and the Lowland in the same class, while the Bontocs are nearer the 

 Blandas. 



LOWER EXTREMTY. 

 (Extreviitas inferior. ) 



The measurements of the parts of the lower extremity are more exact 

 than those of the upper, because in the latter there may be unconscious 

 and imnoticed shifting of the parts when the measurements are being 

 made, whereas in the foraier there is greater stability because the parts 

 are placed fimily on the ground. The height of the pubis taken from 

 the pubic spine is more accurate than the height of the trochanter, 

 because of the accessibility and the ease with which the spine is located, 

 whereas the heavy fascia, muscles and liganienis over the trochanter 

 interfere with exact work. 



Parallel measurements for comparison indicate that the pubis is 



