430 



BEAN. 



Tlie shoulders of the men are relatively (to the stiiture of course) mder than 

 those of the women and the Lowland men have the widest shoulders. The hips of 



the women are relatively wider than those of the men. The 



hip 



breadth is 



shoulder 



naturally greater among the women, but this is much less for Igorots than for 

 Europeans. 



The Bontoc and Highland Igorots approach the European more closely than 

 do the Lowland. The difference between the Bontoc and the Frenchmen is 5.2, 

 the difference between the Lowland and the Frenchmen is 7.9, and the difference 

 between the Igorot women and the French women is 10.6. The reason for this 

 disparity on the part of the Igorot women is not so much in poorly developed 

 hips as in well-developed shoulders due to field work and burden bearing. 



The Igorots are intermediate between the European and the negro in relative 

 hip breadth. 



The pelvic index is given for the lowland group alone, because it was determined 

 for no other. 



THE TOfBILICUS. 



The position of the umbilicus in relation to the pubis and the supra- 

 sternal notch, although it is more variable than such fixed points as the 

 two last mentioned, is of importance in type differentiation. Its im- 

 portance embryologically can not be denied, but whether its position is 

 due to developmental phenomena or not, remains to be determined. I 

 present for the first time the index of the iimbilicus, and emphasize its 

 singificance. 



The index is found by dividing the distance of the umbilicus from 

 the pubic spine by its distance from the supra-sternal notch. This in- 

 dicates its relative position on the body. If the index is high, the 

 umbilicus is relatively near the sxiprastemal notch, but if low, it is 

 relatively near the pubic spine. 



I propose the name of omphalic index for the index of the imibilicus. 

 Divisions into hyper-, meso-, and hypo-omphalic would follow naturally 

 for the high, intermediate, and the low umbilicus. It is inexpedient at 

 this time to attempt a definition of the limits of these three classes of 

 omphalites, although I am inclined to believe that the Igorots are hypo- 

 omphalic. 



OMPHALIC INDEX. 



Group. 



Pubis. 



tJmbili- 

 cus. 



sternum. 



Sternum 

 to umbi- 

 licus. 



Pubi.'; to 

 umbili- 

 cus. 



Index of 

 umbili- 

 cus. 



Bontoc 



Highland _ 



81.9 

 77.9 

 76.0 



95.6 

 91.9 



89.8 



129.6 

 126.5 

 122.7 



34.0 

 34.6 

 32.9 



13.7 



14.0 

 13.8 



40.3 

 40.4 

 41.9 



Lowland 



Total 



77.6 



71.7 



91.5 

 87.6 



125.3 

 119.4 



33.8 

 31.8 



13.9 

 15.9 



41.1 

 50.0 



Highland women ___ 



The sexual differentiation by the omphalic index is great. The women 

 have an index that is 25 per cent higher than the men. The differences 



