THE BENGUET IGOROTS. 451 



people with relatively short arms and a brachiocephalic people mingled 

 and partly fused. They were then Joined by a tall, dolichocephalic, long- 

 armed people already partly fused with the brachycephalic, and sub- 

 sequent fusion was again altered by contact with the brachycephalic 

 people. The last contact was c^uite recent and the brachycephalic people 

 are more distinct as a type than either the tall dolichocephalic or the 

 small dolichocephalic, and the}' are also present in greater number. 



VI. SOMATOLOGIC RACE TYPES. 



StratziS*^) divides mankind into three groups, protomorphs or nature 

 folk, archimorphs or highly differentiated peoples, and metamorphs or 

 mixed races. These may be used in connection with the canon of 

 Fritsch and the artistic modulus (24) as comparative standards. 



The canon of Fritsch takes as its standard the length of the vertebral column 

 and the other body measurements are compared with this (57). The length of tlie 

 vertebral column is equal to the distance from the symi)hysis puhis to the nasal 

 spine. With this basis, photometry may be made an adjunct of anthropometry 

 when interpreting the length relations of the body parts. The artistic modulus 

 is the total head height from chin to vertex, and it is used in relation to stature. 

 The modulus of Geyer, which is the stature equal to 8 total head heights, is the 

 artistic ideal for the European. 



With this explanation the following classification is given. 



The protomorphs comprise the Australian, Papuan, Hottentot, American Indian, 

 Eskimo, Philippine Negrito, and the Pigmy of Africa. 



The archimorphs are tlie leukoderm or white, the melanoderm or black and the 

 xanthoderm or yellow men. 



The metamorphs are mixtures of the other groups, and are found along the 

 zones between the black, white, and j^ellow races; in nortliern Africa, eastern and 

 southern Asia and in the islands of the Pacific. 



The protomorphs are short in stature with relatively long total head height, 

 which is in the lower face and not in the cranium, and their arms are relatively 

 long. They conform to the canon of Fritsch except in the relative length of arm, 

 and to the artistic canon except in the relatively large head. 



The melanoderms are relatively short in stature, long in arm, and short in 

 upper head height, nasal spine to vertex. 



The xanthoderms are relative short in stature, in length of leg and in upper 

 head height. A slight departure from this may be noted in the females of each 

 group. A table of individual records among which are three Igorot men, is shown 

 for comparison. (Table VIII.) 



A more intricate and detailed comparison, as in the accomijanying 

 charts, reveals some noteworthy differences between the three Igorots 

 shown by fig. 9. The first [No. 60] is tall and dolichocephalic; the 

 second [ISTo. 3] is intermediate in height and mesocephalic ; while the 

 third [No. 83] is small and brachycephalic. Other distinguishing 

 characters are to he noted, such as the almost uniform conformity of 

 No. 60 to the canon of Fritsch and the modulus of Geyer, although the 

 body is slightly longer and the legs slightly shorter than the European, 



